{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machine-tools (HS4 8462) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machine-tools at HS4 8462, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8462",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8462/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8462/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8462/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8462/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8462",
    "name": "Machine-tools"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machine-tools subsector recorded $10.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with -0.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 10805337627.056414,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -0.43034505282686486,
    "activeExporters": 177,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 8
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 4.879146750172736,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 1.6126112333631593,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 11709841463.651402,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 55.172413793103445,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1267.531520987011,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 555.2188211992054,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.27889884837460965
  },
  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 5298756260.148258,
      "corridor_count": 3374,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 5743297738.556271,
      "corridor_count": 3448,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 5391168476.739805,
      "corridor_count": 3375,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 5224959987.780436,
      "corridor_count": 3480,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 5099011413.937916,
      "corridor_count": 3695,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 5496698092.827186,
      "corridor_count": 3908,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 5086979210.100389,
      "corridor_count": 4046,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 4783941903.5342045,
      "corridor_count": 4088,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 5647117616.59753,
      "corridor_count": 4136,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 6762690487.293382,
      "corridor_count": 4387,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8462,
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      "corridor_count": 4489,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 8690615358.9725,
      "corridor_count": 4751,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 10539652064.574537,
      "corridor_count": 4719,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
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      "global_trade_usd": 11709841463.651402,
      "corridor_count": 4833,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 7982500337.231021,
      "corridor_count": 4673,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 8413176819.042812,
      "corridor_count": 4714,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 11368442820.410503,
      "corridor_count": 4802,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
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      "global_trade_usd": 11687716416.477844,
      "corridor_count": 4966,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 11232533872.9093,
      "corridor_count": 4970,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 10907158310.500406,
      "corridor_count": 5113,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
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      "global_trade_usd": 9600616024.77768,
      "corridor_count": 5140,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 9040776496.996456,
      "corridor_count": 5079,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 9575433480.491922,
      "corridor_count": 5232,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 10314069019.4291,
      "corridor_count": 5348,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8462,
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      "corridor_count": 5284,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8462,
      "global_trade_usd": 8059664003.1074295,
      "corridor_count": 4976,
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    },
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "exporter_name": "China",
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      "product_name": "Machine-tools: bending, folding, straightening or flattening machines (including presses), for working metal, numerically controlled bending, folding, straightening or fattening machines (not press brakes, panel benders or roll forming machines)"
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  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}