{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machine-tools (HS4 8461) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machine-tools at HS4 8461, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8461",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8461/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8461/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8461/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8461/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8461",
    "name": "Machine-tools"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machine-tools subsector recorded $2.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +19.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2843462831.9732976,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 19.49592162443746,
    "activeExporters": 161,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 8.178807765028129,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 1.9164374943543505,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 3187133037.987524,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 55.172413793103445,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2101.3611962900495,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1288.2933182257625,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.29699094639845025
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1295838472.995451,
      "corridor_count": 2665,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1463803008.3549461,
      "corridor_count": 2772,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1372461647.8336253,
      "corridor_count": 2731,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1274918715.4268217,
      "corridor_count": 2661,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1162649009.2757444,
      "corridor_count": 2855,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1306517345.1990666,
      "corridor_count": 3001,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1312057645.5769632,
      "corridor_count": 3119,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1221197802.0958076,
      "corridor_count": 3209,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1365771594.7721052,
      "corridor_count": 3194,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1644330239.9211974,
      "corridor_count": 3361,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2001557045.2461889,
      "corridor_count": 3523,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2409793523.3981977,
      "corridor_count": 3540,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2711830359.814045,
      "corridor_count": 3780,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 3187133037.987524,
      "corridor_count": 3767,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2362271857.4972987,
      "corridor_count": 3516,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2257821039.390438,
      "corridor_count": 3697,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 3098817584.768308,
      "corridor_count": 3735,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 3154539362.2212677,
      "corridor_count": 3777,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2764866703.566676,
      "corridor_count": 3763,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2688056646.0136933,
      "corridor_count": 3971,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2310537219.8156385,
      "corridor_count": 3883,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2184790584.280633,
      "corridor_count": 3925,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2282216289.955043,
      "corridor_count": 3984,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2629572842.368785,
      "corridor_count": 4044,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2585987276.096332,
      "corridor_count": 4054,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 1928594984.148532,
      "corridor_count": 3771,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2246058085.655605,
      "corridor_count": 3793,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2327768076.781022,
      "corridor_count": 3859,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2608080732.796972,
      "corridor_count": 3869,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 8461,
      "global_trade_usd": 2843462831.9732976,
      "corridor_count": 3754,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    }
  ],
  "corridors": [
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 368581393.5260579,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 342589108.18524265,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 282459007.67420554,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 243601348.69414082,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.041326032016492,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 12.580386354066754,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.542082515740269,
      "historical_peak_usd": 372421980.2412229,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 1.0312459841058301,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -1.031245984105833,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.499243516276223,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8415,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 101800339.27307354,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 78384528.27094883,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 74844356.29504569,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 78175944.10210292,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.975606903743394,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.56238045911861,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9516714316045505,
      "historical_peak_usd": 173163397.38731605,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 41.211398708367994,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 45.34513238621922,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.023935472138843,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 6402,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 90334922.55910124,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 89694096.99959056,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 64853865.02920912,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 68546981.64057858,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 51.638648913904305,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.6400947077947166,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.505521955649484,
      "historical_peak_usd": 99026149.85586417,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 8.776699194519122,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -8.776699194519122,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 46.13312695825482,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 9034,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.2971928842080808,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.08056408421898992,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.22133467145979796,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importer_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "SGP",
      "importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 80645357.53622234,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28109154.608204376,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18034452.71696877,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9945827.1586193,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 264.01392662561597,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 117.45479520313498,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 32.50484864789671,
      "historical_peak_usd": 80645357.53622234,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 3046.9415553197005,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 34.48275862068966,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 231.50907797771924,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 316,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09030441878800002,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.09032420998949493,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04358576721252526,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Singapore",
      "importer_name": "Malaysia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 80009676.14996466,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 76270726.78200589,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 72848654.50411937,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 76217688.71867988,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.26689354121622877,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.810978883149986,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.17080678752263712,
      "historical_peak_usd": 192481993.38573092,
      "historical_peak_year": 2011,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 58.43264362416149,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 0.47198187579831075,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.09608675369359165,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1763,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "TWN",
      "importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 69364332.89828499,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23994678.443137735,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14655526.971579332,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8330589.819519609,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 351.5839530477861,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 134.21757528541266,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 38.89955347587186,
      "historical_peak_usd": 69364332.89828499,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 4374.430753913235,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 312.68439957191424,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3236,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": null,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Taiwan",
      "importer_name": "Singapore"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 60497067,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 45275156.69691336,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 31962449.081404477,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 19150619.96420992,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 56.999604646884094,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 49.72353779216512,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 23.837001104802557,
      "historical_peak_usd": 60497067,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 15.66206489027513,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 33.16260354208154,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 6831,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Russia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 56968366.532913566,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 42130517.57589827,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 33115204.473131407,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 29100463.427846193,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 35.92116574600026,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.774175855801964,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.017072846622408,
      "historical_peak_usd": 68292542.2076804,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 16.58186283405523,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 34.30666516043894,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 26.904092899377854,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 5786,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5267321838847735,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.5267321838847735,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 49812901.26449254,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 51808246.550961085,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 45028726.69311362,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 49163733.72085553,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.0319686822405,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.571839755560615,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.4590474084480887,
      "historical_peak_usd": 117557221.38225086,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 57.626676882298746,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -10.60577872621382,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.572921273792411,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1184,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8461,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 43550821.23248558,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 44692221.10260259,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 46934264.763456106,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 41792203.14845473,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.7768944096038677,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.882890045027999,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.0469146729638186,
      "historical_peak_usd": 59344436.10115288,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 26.61347197190822,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 5.037942180359689,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.8238090825676863,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 2732,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Viet Nam"
    }
  ],
  "exporters": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 887290754.2258892,
      "imports_usd": 110315190.88103569,
      "trade_balance_usd": 776975563.3448535,
      "export_partner_count": 140,
      "import_partner_count": 55,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 465377001.23485816,
      "imports_usd": 591466171.0684576,
      "trade_balance_usd": -126089169.83359945,
      "export_partner_count": 194,
      "import_partner_count": 38,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 224866364.92860493,
      "imports_usd": 19295693.32877545,
      "trade_balance_usd": 205570671.5998295,
      "export_partner_count": 66,
      "import_partner_count": 30,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 210374186.03662688,
      "imports_usd": 34447467.20337519,
      "trade_balance_usd": 175926718.83325168,
      "export_partner_count": 81,
      "import_partner_count": 31,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 194523491.85534492,
      "imports_usd": 80594549.13490075,
      "trade_balance_usd": 113928942.72044417,
      "export_partner_count": 127,
      "import_partner_count": 47,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 179336281.60648075,
      "imports_usd": 28295743.717224106,
      "trade_balance_usd": 151040537.88925666,
      "export_partner_count": 105,
      "import_partner_count": 26,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 114623351.81154174,
      "imports_usd": 359339524.7850723,
      "trade_balance_usd": -244716172.9735306,
      "export_partner_count": 133,
      "import_partner_count": 55,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SGP",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 87152370.74445793,
      "imports_usd": 80008069.28820667,
      "trade_balance_usd": 7144301.456251264,
      "export_partner_count": 53,
      "import_partner_count": 33,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Singapore"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 70223478.41502033,
      "imports_usd": 54107572.656461336,
      "trade_balance_usd": 16115905.758558996,
      "export_partner_count": 92,
      "import_partner_count": 33,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUT",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 65323189.27072177,
      "imports_usd": 19844757.965919107,
      "trade_balance_usd": 45478431.30480266,
      "export_partner_count": 70,
      "import_partner_count": 30,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Austria"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 465377001.23485816,
      "imports_usd": 591466171.0684576,
      "trade_balance_usd": -126089169.83359945,
      "export_partner_count": 194,
      "import_partner_count": 38,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 114623351.81154174,
      "imports_usd": 359339524.7850723,
      "trade_balance_usd": -244716172.9735306,
      "export_partner_count": 133,
      "import_partner_count": 55,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IND",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 29897578.233434062,
      "imports_usd": 176883477.39989737,
      "trade_balance_usd": -146985899.16646332,
      "export_partner_count": 132,
      "import_partner_count": 48,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 10784674.250279006,
      "imports_usd": 116188991.56670259,
      "trade_balance_usd": -105404317.31642358,
      "export_partner_count": 56,
      "import_partner_count": 68,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 887290754.2258892,
      "imports_usd": 110315190.88103569,
      "trade_balance_usd": 776975563.3448535,
      "export_partner_count": 140,
      "import_partner_count": 55,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MYS",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 2670335.442716856,
      "imports_usd": 100347669.76591496,
      "trade_balance_usd": -97677334.32319811,
      "export_partner_count": 44,
      "import_partner_count": 32,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Malaysia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 194523491.85534492,
      "imports_usd": 80594549.13490075,
      "trade_balance_usd": 113928942.72044417,
      "export_partner_count": 127,
      "import_partner_count": 47,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SGP",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 87152370.74445793,
      "imports_usd": 80008069.28820667,
      "trade_balance_usd": 7144301.456251264,
      "export_partner_count": 53,
      "import_partner_count": 33,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Singapore"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 5003560.505032809,
      "imports_usd": 79244054.2393821,
      "trade_balance_usd": -74240493.7343493,
      "export_partner_count": 19,
      "import_partner_count": 18,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Russia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 8461,
      "exports_usd": 23169995.73528724,
      "imports_usd": 75118552.89425088,
      "trade_balance_usd": -51948557.15896364,
      "export_partner_count": 116,
      "import_partner_count": 46,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "France"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "846110",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: planing machines, working by removing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846120",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: shaping or slotting machines, working by removing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846130",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: broaching machines, working by removing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846140",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing machines, working by removing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846150",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: sawing or cutting-off machines, working by removing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846190",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: planing machines, and other machine-tools n.e.c. in heading no. 8461: working by removing metal, sinistered metal carbides or cerments."
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}