{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machine-tools (HS4 8459) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machine-tools at HS4 8459, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8459",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8459/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8459/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8459/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8459/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8459",
    "name": "Machine-tools"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machine-tools subsector recorded $3.1B in reported global trade in 2024, with +3.7% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 3055235465.528672,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 3.7021227621653616,
    "activeExporters": 160,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 12
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 2.639081905770535,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -1.266572780210351,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 5335890062.697578,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 55.172413793103445,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1624.687924537954,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 620.6205839224095,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.27067609870742776
  },
  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2388932975.5815215,
      "corridor_count": 2929,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2563658209.38116,
      "corridor_count": 2855,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2516528643.231568,
      "corridor_count": 2828,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2374445922.628701,
      "corridor_count": 2806,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2229062914.288801,
      "corridor_count": 3028,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2242315596.6371927,
      "corridor_count": 3191,
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    },
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      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2239935070.0974503,
      "corridor_count": 3216,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2267828787.9046636,
      "corridor_count": 3343,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 2466410853.357629,
      "corridor_count": 3385,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8459,
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      "corridor_count": 3535,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2005,
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      "corridor_count": 3730,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2006,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3806839643.310953,
      "corridor_count": 3734,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 4511777292.210425,
      "corridor_count": 3824,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
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      "corridor_count": 3837,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 3605937255.1910553,
      "corridor_count": 3800,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 3933304488.8681607,
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      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8459,
      "global_trade_usd": 4699995240.5308075,
      "corridor_count": 3899,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
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      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8459,
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      "corridor_count": 3982,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "global_trade_usd": 4134957423.407756,
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      "active_hs6_count": 12
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      "year": 2015,
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      "year": 2016,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
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      "corridor_count": 4117,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
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    },
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      "year": 2020,
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      "global_trade_usd": 2489982169.4627333,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "importer_name": "Russia"
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      "product_name": "Machine-tools: way-type unit head machines, for drilling, boring, milling, threading or tapping by removing metal, other than lathes of heading no. 8458"
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    },
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      "product_name": "Machine-tools: for milling by removing metal, knee-type, numerically controlled"
    },
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      "product_name": "Machine-tools: for milling by removing metal, knee-type, other than numerically controlled"
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      "product_name": "Machine-tools: for milling by removing metal, not knee-type, other than numerically controlled"
    },
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      "hs_code": "845970",
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  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}