{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:55.290Z",
  "title": "HS4 8458 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8458 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8458",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8458",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Lathes",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8458",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 6278841674.185079,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 6817107142.185337,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 6261090747.067466,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 6403517357.055029,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 1.338599686761599,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -2.045964414573598,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -1.5227448567700308,
    "historical_peak_usd": 8635403790.028656,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 27.28954167221122,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -9.463644122923782,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.86134454353163,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1482.9479210853929,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 526.5899943546002,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.313034349352225,
    "active_corridor_count": 3001,
    "active_exporter_count": 154,
    "active_importer_count": 193,
    "active_hs6_count": 4,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 6278841674.185079,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 2399842113.7986374,
    "topFiveSharePct": 16.74135813785255,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 395585297.82113445,
      "cagr3": 5.3256887098927175,
      "cagr5": -5.471748469665094,
      "cagr10": -3.5302363479863486,
      "share": 6.300291014623759,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 681774517.3914257,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1998,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 41.97710713291182,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 1.338599686761599,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -2.045964414573598,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -1.5227448567700308,
    "latestYoyPct": -9.463644122923782,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 8635403790.028656,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 27.28954167221122,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1482.9479210853929,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 526.5899943546002,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.313034349352225,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Japan to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8458 routes with $395.6M in 2024 and +5.3% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $6.3B in latest reported trade, with +1.3% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 395585297.82113445,
      "cagr3": 5.3256887098927175,
      "cagr5": -5.471748469665094,
      "cagr10": -3.5302363479863486,
      "share": 6.300291014623759,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 681774517.3914257,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1998,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 41.97710713291182,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 227879375.624833,
      "cagr3": 15.832959991183127,
      "cagr5": 4.753990882239667,
      "cagr10": 1.9003553189419042,
      "share": 3.6293218948606327,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 266187168.70676816,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.391299651312284,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "TWN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 175801580.89125493,
      "cagr3": -3.0014831959046306,
      "cagr5": 4.520981828459281,
      "cagr10": -2.5923532014863193,
      "share": 2.7999046641683627,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": null,
      "mfnTariffPct": null,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 688,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 228608439.6948181,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.099260409658516,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 132988057,
      "cagr3": 44.69467930850537,
      "cagr5": 30.747002646021482,
      "cagr10": 20.401679871235178,
      "share": 2.118034884471909,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 390034668.24683636,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.90352914068718,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 118909060.24683863,
      "cagr3": -12.62931625672361,
      "cagr5": -10.28166786808301,
      "cagr10": -5.461150103338563,
      "share": 1.893805679727888,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 288576050.9156044,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 58.79455004337342,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 110415921.65150882,
      "cagr3": 5.282966534450684,
      "cagr5": 2.17675474581398,
      "cagr10": 1.5177406896034196,
      "share": 1.758539669911959,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 143873587.07159105,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.254904601380236,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 105316750.7050487,
      "cagr3": 12.302625559502411,
      "cagr5": -2.9169417704430822,
      "cagr10": -0.5415019627269091,
      "share": 1.6773277010320153,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05810896250308642,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003002385606666666,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.055780251220493834,
      "distanceKm": 8938,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 293962193.07464415,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 64.17336882559378,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 87184867.12155616,
      "cagr3": 4.571510253761546,
      "cagr5": -4.828065722131203,
      "cagr10": -0.8021406819947008,
      "share": 1.38855017606208,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.01670515686981482,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05878263682716049,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.015175133415625021,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04360750341153547,
      "distanceKm": 8147,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 126282105.37493815,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 30.9602363195484,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 86727910.69101135,
      "cagr3": 7.383477021740736,
      "cagr5": 33.960841977765654,
      "cagr10": 11.787552161700997,
      "share": 1.381272457427709,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09173753086523233,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939394,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04996949335217172,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04775612038722222,
      "distanceKm": 7974,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 102826876.1381573,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.656379004955387,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "TWN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 85542039.7488493,
      "cagr3": 11.656617540423554,
      "cagr5": -5.586861246520803,
      "cagr10": -2.9552160113111903,
      "share": 1.3623856785646962,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": null,
      "mfnTariffPct": null,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12555,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 189966396.38119227,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 54.96990974277467,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 71853421.44308303,
      "cagr3": -13.720474453247322,
      "cagr5": -14.541869493870351,
      "cagr10": -7.801459024061986,
      "share": 1.144373837908706,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 212700839.43827003,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 66.21855295313193,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 71714309.39269552,
      "cagr3": -1.3786555821855728,
      "cagr5": 5.039411229519097,
      "cagr10": 1.0249208696176515,
      "share": 1.1421582692161643,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29886233885252517,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11092976862020201,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.19096898705858587,
      "distanceKm": 867,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 111024274.84275073,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 35.40664012958598,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 68677058.55979697,
      "cagr3": -7.92115671436221,
      "cagr5": -5.2743958313084205,
      "cagr10": -4.435453309453729,
      "share": 1.093785480244817,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 144968965.45004457,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.6263718951194,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 66747426.208828494,
      "cagr3": 1.4677783660405286,
      "cagr5": -2.0680649509675186,
      "cagr10": -3.061599725691133,
      "share": 1.0630531819786895,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.12300317953717169,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.06705171804545453,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06895124615858587,
      "distanceKm": 11324,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 96573204.8001245,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2016,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 30.88411392479496,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 64985699.61675057,
      "cagr3": -9.813869843147527,
      "cagr5": -2.8024886990435482,
      "cagr10": 0.46313445356149785,
      "share": 1.0349950355323294,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.017017810458070715,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.015094807325674262,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.044109323943012604,
      "distanceKm": 8989,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 140483598.2160902,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.74143284912852,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 61893276.035875544,
      "cagr3": 13.507536519050966,
      "cagr5": 9.47115761035382,
      "cagr10": 3.7184646765093365,
      "share": 0.9857435375436279,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 64759466.55565601,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.425901991204921,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 59251375.43936756,
      "cagr3": -6.966271915560607,
      "cagr5": -5.494538986547026,
      "cagr10": -2.548045552292133,
      "share": 0.9436672958799794,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 147671007.8969584,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.8760946490513,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 57598004.43928899,
      "cagr3": 1.8743117991065095,
      "cagr5": -7.911243497490183,
      "cagr10": -11.852819638006483,
      "share": 0.9173348752541136,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29424774500464645,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30575456674545454,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.015630051277535358,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2901245154679192,
      "distanceKm": 4604,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 333111803.5453557,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 82.7091073248485,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 53490585.61560584,
      "cagr3": -8.186979593830834,
      "cagr5": 0.7728069823812911,
      "cagr10": -3.1015275948811705,
      "share": 0.8519180509922366,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.058542705568686876,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868687,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003002385606666666,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05620174566202021,
      "distanceKm": 9311,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 96177203.25051183,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 44.383301023757745,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 53463277.43498422,
      "cagr3": 10.724714417621662,
      "cagr5": 13.750745833035417,
      "cagr10": 4.165745389950137,
      "share": 0.8514831271314569,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09772561373939395,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939395,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8967,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 74441411.22280346,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 28.180730917407775,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "TWN",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 52201966.7903463,
      "cagr3": -15.782797526600035,
      "cagr5": 20.54480092472284,
      "cagr10": -2.084603279430708,
      "share": 0.83139485750963,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": null,
      "mfnTariffPct": null,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8430,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 99489109.99552783,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 47.529969066269814,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 49035153.60483503,
      "cagr3": 44.0189302888669,
      "cagr5": -3.0252273366295324,
      "cagr10": -0.20423607278552414,
      "share": 0.7809585931500531,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.058542705568686876,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868687,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003002385606666666,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05620174566202021,
      "distanceKm": 9736,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 73257453.71804786,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.064621937911234,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 47949074.46923098,
      "cagr3": 32.83168940161214,
      "cagr5": 14.645942345271234,
      "cagr10": 6.872656420188061,
      "share": 0.7636611489404089,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5178343248545455,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.08998392081090906,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.4423262793264647,
      "distanceKm": 4692,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 47949074.46923098,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 47583060.59379753,
      "cagr3": 15.345255245735823,
      "cagr5": -5.0195271229585785,
      "cagr10": 2.7792470133721325,
      "share": 0.7578318273166724,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5258509413535353,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373736,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047583601776363615,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.48472659836101,
      "distanceKm": 5846,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 77243308.77204527,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.39846926518758,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 47047562.65211477,
      "cagr3": 16.000343313249353,
      "cagr5": 0.2209167153113034,
      "cagr10": -0.8222145849198781,
      "share": 0.7493032169539615,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.15377010469806765,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0523558749346377,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.10670270104362317,
      "distanceKm": 4327,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 51096724.86853884,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.924504411665749,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 132988057,
      "cagr3": 44.69467930850537,
      "cagr5": 30.747002646021482,
      "cagr10": 20.401679871235178,
      "share": 2.118034884471909,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 390034668.24683636,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.90352914068718,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 49035153.60483503,
      "cagr3": 44.0189302888669,
      "cagr5": -3.0252273366295324,
      "cagr10": -0.20423607278552414,
      "share": 0.7809585931500531,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.058542705568686876,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868687,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003002385606666666,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05620174566202021,
      "distanceKm": 9736,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 73257453.71804786,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.064621937911234,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 47949074.46923098,
      "cagr3": 32.83168940161214,
      "cagr5": 14.645942345271234,
      "cagr10": 6.872656420188061,
      "share": 0.7636611489404089,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5178343248545455,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.08998392081090906,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.4423262793264647,
      "distanceKm": 4692,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 47949074.46923098,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 47047562.65211477,
      "cagr3": 16.000343313249353,
      "cagr5": 0.2209167153113034,
      "cagr10": -0.8222145849198781,
      "share": 0.7493032169539615,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.15377010469806765,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0523558749346377,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.10670270104362317,
      "distanceKm": 4327,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 51096724.86853884,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.924504411665749,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 227879375.624833,
      "cagr3": 15.832959991183127,
      "cagr5": 4.753990882239667,
      "cagr10": 1.9003553189419042,
      "share": 3.6293218948606327,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 266187168.70676816,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.391299651312284,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 227879375.624833,
          "cagr3": 15.832959991183127,
          "cagr5": 4.753990882239667,
          "cagr10": 1.9003553189419042,
          "share": 3.6293218948606327,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
          "distanceKm": 11077,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 266187168.70676816,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.391299651312284,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 105316750.7050487,
          "cagr3": 12.302625559502411,
          "cagr5": -2.9169417704430822,
          "cagr10": -0.5415019627269091,
          "share": 1.6773277010320153,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.05810896250308642,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003002385606666666,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.055780251220493834,
          "distanceKm": 8938,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 293962193.07464415,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 64.17336882559378,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 87184867.12155616,
          "cagr3": 4.571510253761546,
          "cagr5": -4.828065722131203,
          "cagr10": -0.8021406819947008,
          "share": 1.38855017606208,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.01670515686981482,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05878263682716049,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.015175133415625021,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04360750341153547,
          "distanceKm": 8147,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 126282105.37493815,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 30.9602363195484,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 86727910.69101135,
          "cagr3": 7.383477021740736,
          "cagr5": 33.960841977765654,
          "cagr10": 11.787552161700997,
          "share": 1.381272457427709,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09173753086523233,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939394,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04996949335217172,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04775612038722222,
          "distanceKm": 7974,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 102826876.1381573,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.656379004955387,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 71714309.39269552,
          "cagr3": -1.3786555821855728,
          "cagr5": 5.039411229519097,
          "cagr10": 1.0249208696176515,
          "share": 1.1421582692161643,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29886233885252517,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11092976862020201,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.19096898705858587,
          "distanceKm": 867,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 111024274.84275073,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 35.40664012958598,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 66747426.208828494,
          "cagr3": 1.4677783660405286,
          "cagr5": -2.0680649509675186,
          "cagr10": -3.061599725691133,
          "share": 1.0630531819786895,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.12300317953717169,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.06705171804545453,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06895124615858587,
          "distanceKm": 11324,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 96573204.8001245,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2016,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 30.88411392479496,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 64985699.61675057,
          "cagr3": -9.813869843147527,
          "cagr5": -2.8024886990435482,
          "cagr10": 0.46313445356149785,
          "share": 1.0349950355323294,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.017017810458070715,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.015094807325674262,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.044109323943012604,
          "distanceKm": 8989,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 140483598.2160902,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.74143284912852,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 61893276.035875544,
          "cagr3": 13.507536519050966,
          "cagr5": 9.47115761035382,
          "cagr10": 3.7184646765093365,
          "share": 0.9857435375436279,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 64759466.55565601,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.425901991204921,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 59251375.43936756,
          "cagr3": -6.966271915560607,
          "cagr5": -5.494538986547026,
          "cagr10": -2.548045552292133,
          "share": 0.9436672958799794,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 147671007.8969584,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.8760946490513,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 57598004.43928899,
          "cagr3": 1.8743117991065095,
          "cagr5": -7.911243497490183,
          "cagr10": -11.852819638006483,
          "share": 0.9173348752541136,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29424774500464645,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30575456674545454,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.015630051277535358,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2901245154679192,
          "distanceKm": 4604,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 333111803.5453557,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 82.7091073248485,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 53490585.61560584,
          "cagr3": -8.186979593830834,
          "cagr5": 0.7728069823812911,
          "cagr10": -3.1015275948811705,
          "share": 0.8519180509922366,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.058542705568686876,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868687,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003002385606666666,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05620174566202021,
          "distanceKm": 9311,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 96177203.25051183,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 44.383301023757745,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 49035153.60483503,
          "cagr3": 44.0189302888669,
          "cagr5": -3.0252273366295324,
          "cagr10": -0.20423607278552414,
          "share": 0.7809585931500531,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.058542705568686876,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868687,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003002385606666666,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05620174566202021,
          "distanceKm": 9736,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 73257453.71804786,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.064621937911234,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 47949074.46923098,
          "cagr3": 32.83168940161214,
          "cagr5": 14.645942345271234,
          "cagr10": 6.872656420188061,
          "share": 0.7636611489404089,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5178343248545455,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.08998392081090906,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.4423262793264647,
          "distanceKm": 4692,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 47949074.46923098,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 47583060.59379753,
          "cagr3": 15.345255245735823,
          "cagr5": -5.0195271229585785,
          "cagr10": 2.7792470133721325,
          "share": 0.7578318273166724,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5258509413535353,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373736,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047583601776363615,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.48472659836101,
          "distanceKm": 5846,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 77243308.77204527,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.39846926518758,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 47047562.65211477,
          "cagr3": 16.000343313249353,
          "cagr5": 0.2209167153113034,
          "cagr10": -0.8222145849198781,
          "share": 0.7493032169539615,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.15377010469806765,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0523558749346377,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.10670270104362317,
          "distanceKm": 4327,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 51096724.86853884,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.924504411665749,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 15,
      "value": 1134404432.21084,
      "averageCagr": 9.252709388341701,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.15693337508368196,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.13712957215299032
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 395585297.82113445,
          "cagr3": 5.3256887098927175,
          "cagr5": -5.471748469665094,
          "cagr10": -3.5302363479863486,
          "share": 6.300291014623759,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
          "distanceKm": 10872,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 681774517.3914257,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1998,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 41.97710713291182,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "TWN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Taiwan",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 175801580.89125493,
          "cagr3": -3.0014831959046306,
          "cagr5": 4.520981828459281,
          "cagr10": -2.5923532014863193,
          "share": 2.7999046641683627,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": null,
          "mfnTariffPct": null,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 688,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 228608439.6948181,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.099260409658516,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "RUS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Russia",
          "value": 132988057,
          "cagr3": 44.69467930850537,
          "cagr5": 30.747002646021482,
          "cagr10": 20.401679871235178,
          "share": 2.118034884471909,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
          "distanceKm": 6831,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 390034668.24683636,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.90352914068718,
          "yearsWithData": 28,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 118909060.24683863,
          "cagr3": -12.62931625672361,
          "cagr5": -10.28166786808301,
          "cagr10": -5.461150103338563,
          "share": 1.893805679727888,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 288576050.9156044,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 58.79455004337342,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 110415921.65150882,
          "cagr3": 5.282966534450684,
          "cagr5": 2.17675474581398,
          "cagr10": 1.5177406896034196,
          "share": 1.758539669911959,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 143873587.07159105,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.254904601380236,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "TWN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Taiwan",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 85542039.7488493,
          "cagr3": 11.656617540423554,
          "cagr5": -5.586861246520803,
          "cagr10": -2.9552160113111903,
          "share": 1.3623856785646962,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": null,
          "mfnTariffPct": null,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12555,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 189966396.38119227,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 54.96990974277467,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 71853421.44308303,
          "cagr3": -13.720474453247322,
          "cagr5": -14.541869493870351,
          "cagr10": -7.801459024061986,
          "share": 1.144373837908706,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 212700839.43827003,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 66.21855295313193,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 68677058.55979697,
          "cagr3": -7.92115671436221,
          "cagr5": -5.2743958313084205,
          "cagr10": -4.435453309453729,
          "share": 1.093785480244817,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 144968965.45004457,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.6263718951194,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 53463277.43498422,
          "cagr3": 10.724714417621662,
          "cagr5": 13.750745833035417,
          "cagr10": 4.165745389950137,
          "share": 0.8514831271314569,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09772561373939395,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939395,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8967,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 74441411.22280346,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 28.180730917407775,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "TWN",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "Taiwan",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 52201966.7903463,
          "cagr3": -15.782797526600035,
          "cagr5": 20.54480092472284,
          "cagr10": -2.084603279430708,
          "share": 0.83139485750963,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": null,
          "mfnTariffPct": null,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8430,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 99489109.99552783,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 47.529969066269814,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        }
      ],
      "count": 10,
      "value": 1265437681.5877967,
      "averageCagr": 2.4629438364056186,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.12548818076561144,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.031207540595719674
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 59251375.43936756,
      "cagr3": -6.966271915560607,
      "cagr5": -5.494538986547026,
      "cagr10": -2.548045552292133,
      "share": 0.9436672958799794,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 147671007.8969584,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.8760946490513,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 47583060.59379753,
      "cagr3": 15.345255245735823,
      "cagr5": -5.0195271229585785,
      "cagr10": 2.7792470133721325,
      "share": 0.7578318273166724,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5258509413535353,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373736,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047583601776363615,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.48472659836101,
      "distanceKm": 5846,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 77243308.77204527,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.39846926518758,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 8458 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8458",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Lathes in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8458",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8458",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8458",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}