{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machinery (HS4 8449) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machinery at HS4 8449, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8449",
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8449/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8449/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8449/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8449/index.ld.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8449",
    "name": "Machinery"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machinery subsector recorded $660.5M in reported global trade in 2024, with -4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 660473779.6459599,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -3.9807107314229317,
    "activeExporters": 115,
    "activeImporters": 158,
    "activeHs6Products": 1
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Rapid decline",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -25.606469572179023,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -4.875981233362447,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1828920376.5395007,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2020,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 51.724137931034484,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2279.2601518008187,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 552.0610856506199,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5813756469417048
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 233145183.0184381,
      "corridor_count": 725,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 206816460.59595558,
      "corridor_count": 787,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 265085912.1059064,
      "corridor_count": 809,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 270597363.26899433,
      "corridor_count": 768,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 286809140.2790462,
      "corridor_count": 995,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 345972699.47973144,
      "corridor_count": 951,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 289589758.61847395,
      "corridor_count": 888,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 240474535.01830152,
      "corridor_count": 949,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 345809106.25216776,
      "corridor_count": 1052,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 417861786.6618757,
      "corridor_count": 1150,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 594856302.6905655,
      "corridor_count": 1044,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8449,
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      "corridor_count": 1084,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
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      "global_trade_usd": 564155533.4217722,
      "corridor_count": 1159,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 633152556.9698024,
      "corridor_count": 1125,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 422326014.2881322,
      "corridor_count": 1090,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 593043470.288641,
      "corridor_count": 1111,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 863046529.1134893,
      "corridor_count": 1098,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 819974423.9922298,
      "corridor_count": 1156,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 645177637.4640523,
      "corridor_count": 1043,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 716235347.8947911,
      "corridor_count": 1145,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 714318530.863983,
      "corridor_count": 1128,
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    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8449,
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      "corridor_count": 1143,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
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      "year": 2017,
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      "global_trade_usd": 822087021.743619,
      "corridor_count": 1207,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8449,
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      "corridor_count": 1231,
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    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8449,
      "global_trade_usd": 1828920376.5395007,
      "corridor_count": 1441,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
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      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "844900",
      "product_name": "Machinery: for manufacture or finishing felt or non-wovens in the piece or in shapes, including machinery for making felt hats, blocks for making hats"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}