{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:54.786Z",
  "title": "HS4 8449 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8449 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8449/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8449",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8449"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8449/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8449",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Machinery",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8449",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 660473779.6459599,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 809850263.1584924,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 1172527999.3880353,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 974886145.0022113,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -25.606469572179023,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -4.875981233362447,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -0.8072380495943721,
    "historical_peak_usd": 1828920376.5395007,
    "historical_peak_year": 2020,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 63.887231608428905,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -3.9807107314229317,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.799231522584652,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 2279.2601518008187,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 552.0610856506199,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.5813756469417048,
    "active_corridor_count": 1226,
    "active_exporter_count": 115,
    "active_importer_count": 158,
    "active_hs6_count": 1,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 660473779.6459599,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 385298731.6827429,
    "topFiveSharePct": 30.57064133371135,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 65226797.682782814,
      "cagr3": -15.362650812707557,
      "cagr5": 15.75326991030579,
      "cagr10": 0.6966990087022618,
      "share": 9.875758840532166,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 107582070.52443647,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.37019675786308,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -25.606469572179023,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -4.875981233362447,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -0.8072380495943721,
    "latestYoyPct": -3.9807107314229317,
    "trendLabel": "Rapid decline",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1828920376.5395007,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2020,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 63.887231608428905,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2279.2601518008187,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 552.0610856506199,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5813756469417048,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Germany to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8449 routes with $65.2M in 2024 and -15.4% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $660.5M in latest reported trade, with -25.6% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 65226797.682782814,
      "cagr3": -15.362650812707557,
      "cagr5": 15.75326991030579,
      "cagr10": 0.6966990087022618,
      "share": 9.875758840532166,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 107582070.52443647,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.37019675786308,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "SWE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Sweden",
      "value": 48385342.41474977,
      "cagr3": 126.71028689938449,
      "cagr5": 143.20514933631156,
      "cagr10": 42.39200404630128,
      "share": 7.325853638078749,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
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      "distanceKm": 811,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 48385342.41474977,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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    },
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      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "SAU",
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      "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
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      "cagr10": 69.3306701802548,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
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    },
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      "rank": 4,
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      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
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      "hasFta": false,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 58374583.542682715,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
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      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06806308525272728,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
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      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Portugal",
      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "cagr3": -3.2550420464068197,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 19626472.73549146,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "AUT",
      "importerIso3": "FIN",
      "exporterName": "Austria",
      "importerName": "Finland",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 14199691.891798638,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
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      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
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      "importerName": "Bangladesh",
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    },
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      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "SVN",
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      "importerName": "Slovenia",
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      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "PRT",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "Portugal",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
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      "cagr3": 5.119902325768533,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "distanceKm": 11895,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8419757.980311647,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "China",
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      "cagr3": -18.329274175512765,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 18577717.156021114,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 55.55890140282306,
      "yearsWithData": 22,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 7404678.856909011,
      "cagr3": -22.20218836890894,
      "cagr5": 42.398206830091965,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "distanceKm": 9743,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "AUS",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Australia",
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      "cagr3": 265.75176002345665,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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