{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machinery, auxiliary (HS4 8448) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machinery, auxiliary at HS4 8448, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8448",
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8448/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8448/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8448/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8448",
    "name": "Machinery, auxiliary"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machinery, auxiliary subsector recorded $4.0B in reported global trade in 2024, with -10.3% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 3959694840.193104,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -10.302304870921262,
    "activeExporters": 164,
    "activeImporters": 194,
    "activeHs6Products": 11
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -6.545697503430503,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -0.9684112598492001,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 5308563100.416154,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 48.275862068965516,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1638.2193297398676,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 773.2603130161565,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.13082268414820603
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4198144850.5734453,
      "corridor_count": 3109,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4061749250.100142,
      "corridor_count": 3226,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4079224207.8852844,
      "corridor_count": 3174,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 3836920815.453894,
      "corridor_count": 3351,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 3502821289.5765247,
      "corridor_count": 3532,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 3720996789.0222845,
      "corridor_count": 4040,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 3473506587.4942093,
      "corridor_count": 4168,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 3597349701.8418803,
      "corridor_count": 4187,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4227298734.367014,
      "corridor_count": 4188,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4442171361.227109,
      "corridor_count": 4249,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8448,
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      "corridor_count": 4264,
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      "year": 2006,
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      "corridor_count": 4407,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8448,
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      "corridor_count": 4479,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2008,
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      "global_trade_usd": 4343137569.594666,
      "corridor_count": 4432,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 2999954156.217224,
      "corridor_count": 4264,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4448642657.697936,
      "corridor_count": 4272,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 5308563100.416154,
      "corridor_count": 4294,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4508219208.358179,
      "corridor_count": 4451,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 5044840717.961236,
      "corridor_count": 4527,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 5041165291.993576,
      "corridor_count": 4618,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
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    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4466470560.344246,
      "corridor_count": 4571,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8448,
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      "corridor_count": 4650,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
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      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4766064070.457555,
      "corridor_count": 4598,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 4983727743.256829,
      "corridor_count": 4810,
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    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8448,
      "global_trade_usd": 4157124064.5779777,
      "corridor_count": 4810,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3503479821.403091,
      "corridor_count": 4654,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "year": 2023,
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      "importer_name": "India"
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.1101708768001104,
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      "latest_below_peak_pct": 75.559234534447,
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      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.5137314261212667,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 6402,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
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      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
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      "hs4": 8448,
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      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.39205178773128,
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      "latest_below_peak_pct": 74.00738780026624,
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      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 9034,
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      "exporter_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importer_name": "China"
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    {
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      "year": 2024,
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      "country_name": "France"
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      "export_partner_count": 116,
      "import_partner_count": 63,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 103,
      "import_partner_count": 50,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Czechia"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 40259454.438023895,
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      "export_partner_count": 142,
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      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 28049811.584649537,
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      "country_name": "Portugal"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 132,
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      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Turkey"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 155684053.18811506,
      "trade_balance_usd": -104774389.78263436,
      "export_partner_count": 77,
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      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SGP",
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      "export_partner_count": 69,
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      "country_name": "Singapore"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 146012888.8131581,
      "export_partner_count": 133,
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      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "BEL",
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      "imports_usd": 141229042.93769708,
      "trade_balance_usd": -30776531.016877264,
      "export_partner_count": 111,
      "import_partner_count": 57,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Belgium"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "844811",
      "product_name": "Machinery, auxiliary: dobbies and jacquards, card reducing, copying, punching or assembling machines for use therewith"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844819",
      "product_name": "Machinery, auxiliary: for machines of heading no. 8444, 8445, 8446 or 8447, n.e.s. in item no. 8448.11"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844820",
      "product_name": "Machines: parts and accessories of machines or auxiliary machinery of heading no. 8444"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844831",
      "product_name": "Machines, card clothing: parts and accessories"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844832",
      "product_name": "Machines: parts and accessories of machines or auxiliary machinery for preparing textile fibres, other than card clothing"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844833",
      "product_name": "Machines: parts and accessories of machines or auxiliary machinery, spindles, spindle flyers, spinning rings and ring travellers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844839",
      "product_name": "Machines: parts and accessories of machines or auxiliary machinery of heading no. 8445, n.e.s. in item no. 8448.3"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844841",
      "product_name": "Weaving machines (looms): parts and accessories of machines or auxiliary machinery shuttles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844842",
      "product_name": "Weaving machines (looms): parts including their auxiliary machinery, and accessories thereof, reeds for looms, healds and heald-frames"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844849",
      "product_name": "Weaving machines (looms): parts including their auxiliary machinery, and accessories thereof n.e.c. in item no. 8448.4"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844851",
      "product_name": "Machines: parts and accessories of machines of heading no. 8447 or auxiliary machinery, sinkers, needles and other articles used in forming stitches"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844859",
      "product_name": "Machines: parts and accessories of machines or auxiliary machinery of heading no. 8447, other than sinkers, needles and other articles used in forming stitches"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}