{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:54.424Z",
  "title": "HS4 8443 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8443 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8443/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8443",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8443"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8443/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8443",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Printing machinery",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8443",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 73596265363.70377,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 74696158974.95255,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 75372530599.76375,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 80205768701.81963,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -3.259292468708863,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -2.053993626322448,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -2.6610620709957677,
    "historical_peak_usd": 116386147274.62077,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 36.76544237687624,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -2.0237426364425257,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.5982303977130954,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1735.2314475703533,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 555.0461344221101,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.5285334025066103,
    "active_corridor_count": 10393,
    "active_exporter_count": 197,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 13,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 73596265363.70377,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 24221521662.82505,
    "topFiveSharePct": 12.918193071620912,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2658164756.1229033,
      "cagr3": -0.5222265411004345,
      "cagr5": -0.6883680778442036,
      "cagr10": -0.6557429461949815,
      "share": 3.6118201691167036,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 5399664752.487256,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 50.77167050234982,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -3.259292468708863,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -2.053993626322448,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -2.6610620709957677,
    "latestYoyPct": -2.0237426364425257,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 116386147274.62077,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 36.76544237687624,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1735.2314475703533,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 555.0461344221101,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5285334025066103,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Japan to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8443 routes with $2.7B in 2024 and -0.5% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $73.6B in latest reported trade, with -3.3% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2658164756.1229033,
      "cagr3": -0.5222265411004345,
      "cagr5": -0.6883680778442036,
      "cagr10": -0.6557429461949815,
      "share": 3.6118201691167036,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 5399664752.487256,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 50.77167050234982,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "MYS",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Malaysia",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2006639282.6456537,
      "cagr3": -9.038385376183433,
      "cagr5": 8.537917744389322,
      "cagr10": 7.391704480735872,
      "share": 2.726550420363163,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023562643374262626,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009496764080202018,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03724799055676768,
      "distanceKm": 15128,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2666212914.265922,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
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      "rank": 3,
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      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
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      "cagr3": -3.8210246391494618,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
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      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 11883,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
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    },
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      "importerIso3": "CHN",
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      "importerName": "China",
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      "hasFta": false,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "THA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Thailand",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1221075349.078244,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036985947777434344,
      "distanceKm": 13951,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1221075349.078244,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "VNM",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Viet Nam",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 14306,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1336982102.075334,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.681958093753577,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 909497930.4417568,
      "cagr3": 13.901232435537981,
      "cagr5": 8.34814713212988,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 2471664406.6217527,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "HKG",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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    },
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      "rank": 12,
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      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 779960641.3271601,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
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      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
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      "exporterName": "Germany",
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      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1607829072.995647,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.13572105995271,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
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      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05810896250308642,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.055780251220493834,
      "distanceKm": 8938,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2096752428.2993565,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 64.16528170745501,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
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      "importerName": "Netherlands",
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      "cagr3": -9.055475646801014,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003002385606666666,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05620174566202021,
      "distanceKm": 9311,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3621703149.6922293,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 80.68034406253547,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "VNM",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Viet Nam",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 652417052.5712147,
      "cagr3": -0.17197249826936822,
      "cagr5": -5.493802840628903,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.24969182270193227,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2244503040732197,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 975681793.5680226,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.13218952407054,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
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