{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machinery (HS4 8442) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machinery at HS4 8442, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8442",
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8442/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8442/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8442/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8442",
    "name": "Machinery"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machinery subsector recorded $1.2B in reported global trade in 2024, with -5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1200406173.5477707,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -5.018428227977486,
    "activeExporters": 145,
    "activeImporters": 193,
    "activeHs6Products": 3
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -1.811083154274018,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -2.6484927089904797,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2797951435.7599006,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 44.827586206896555,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1104.7969198126912,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 392.1675221600139,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.24280374590387427
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1641822775.8724778,
      "corridor_count": 2575,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1714885994.7109768,
      "corridor_count": 2593,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1566687850.9149055,
      "corridor_count": 2547,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1606010695.3975966,
      "corridor_count": 2684,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1943248963.2461238,
      "corridor_count": 2897,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1954195365.8837678,
      "corridor_count": 3233,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1735626475.8137813,
      "corridor_count": 3255,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1688864960.4590106,
      "corridor_count": 3293,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1782910344.963624,
      "corridor_count": 3420,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1913711592.6473725,
      "corridor_count": 3528,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2069860066.2820525,
      "corridor_count": 3648,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2318448908.7444053,
      "corridor_count": 3817,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2301231138.0730934,
      "corridor_count": 3946,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2797951435.7599006,
      "corridor_count": 3893,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2335181725.1184187,
      "corridor_count": 3886,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2506527291.8196964,
      "corridor_count": 3856,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2685917571.9190288,
      "corridor_count": 3930,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2548506861.64397,
      "corridor_count": 3960,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2366617228.9949546,
      "corridor_count": 3916,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2414034745.5369697,
      "corridor_count": 4034,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
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    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 2075071033.8094668,
      "corridor_count": 4002,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1984446627.5535839,
      "corridor_count": 4011,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1902347741.7830946,
      "corridor_count": 4114,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1563605677.6050122,
      "corridor_count": 4051,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1372823863.7275832,
      "corridor_count": 3947,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8442,
      "global_trade_usd": 1180767867.997714,
      "corridor_count": 3834,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
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    {
      "year": 2021,
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      "corridor_count": 3824,
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      "year": 2023,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "India"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "844210",
      "product_name": "Machinery: phototype-setting and composing, excluding machine-tools of heading no. 8456 to 8465"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844220",
      "product_name": "Machinery: apparatus and equipment, for type-setting or composing by processes other than photo-type, with or without founding device"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844230",
      "product_name": "Machinery, apparatus and equipment (excluding machines of heading no. 8456 to 8465) for preparing or making printing components"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844240",
      "product_name": "Machinery: parts of that involved in type-founding or setting, for preparing or making printing blocks, plates, cylinders or other printing components, not machine- tools of heading no. 8456 to 8465"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "844250",
      "product_name": "Printing components: type, blocks, plates, cylinders and the like: blocks, plates, cylinders and lithographic stones prepared for printing purposes"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}