{ "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview", "source": "api", "title": "Machinery (HS4 8438) Trade Overview | Yugalinks", "description": "Review reported global trade for machinery at HS4 8438, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.", "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8438", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks", "sameAs": [ "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" ] }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-27", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-27" } ] }, "links": { "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8438/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8438/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8438/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8438/index.ld.json", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "internalLinks": { "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app", "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai" }, "subsector": { "hs4": "8438", "name": "Machinery" }, "coverage": { "firstDataYear": 1995, "latestDataYear": 2024, "yearsWithData": 30, "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09" }, "answer": "The machinery subsector recorded $16.7B in reported global trade in 2024, with +8.8% annual change.", "keyFigures": { "latestTradeUsd": 16744464860.77034, "latestAnnualChangePct": 8.781948333527845, "activeExporters": 192, "activeImporters": 200, "activeHs6Products": 8 }, "growthAndStructure": { "trendLabel": "Growing", "tradeCagr3yPct": 4.4152194896638575, "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.588014244929272, "historicalPeakUsd": 16744464860.77034, "historicalPeakYear": 2024, "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 72.41379310344827, "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1380.5879358880936, "importerConcentrationHhi": 402.3859220891901, "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.377999095672031 }, "annualRows": [ { "year": 1995, "hs4": 8438, 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"imports_usd": 160638780.90101308, "trade_balance_usd": 538574401.1784091, "export_partner_count": 139, "import_partner_count": 88, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Denmark" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "FRA", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 641707978.4350783, "imports_usd": 581140312.0064099, "trade_balance_usd": 60567666.42866838, "export_partner_count": 170, "import_partner_count": 100, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "France" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 462578289.4116415, "imports_usd": 435003606.0802979, "trade_balance_usd": 27574683.33134359, "export_partner_count": 158, "import_partner_count": 79, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Spain" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "CHE", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 374501699.41409767, "imports_usd": 255243899.41478777, "trade_balance_usd": 119257799.9993099, "export_partner_count": 154, "import_partner_count": 76, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Switzerland, 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"trade_balance_usd": -535719804.77028006, "export_partner_count": 95, "import_partner_count": 90, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Mexico" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "FRA", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 641707978.4350783, "imports_usd": 581140312.0064099, "trade_balance_usd": 60567666.42866838, "export_partner_count": 170, "import_partner_count": 100, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "France" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "CAN", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 197942872.7474789, "imports_usd": 580426294.7353275, "trade_balance_usd": -382483421.9878486, "export_partner_count": 115, "import_partner_count": 93, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Canada" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "RUS", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 26242114.1933991, "imports_usd": 575914795.9082564, "trade_balance_usd": -549672681.7148573, "export_partner_count": 47, "import_partner_count": 50, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Russia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "GBR", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 301403207.4560805, "imports_usd": 508404691.81401724, "trade_balance_usd": -207001484.35793674, "export_partner_count": 156, "import_partner_count": 79, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "United Kingdom" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "NLD", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 2031136191.1751244, "imports_usd": 462781645.2073317, "trade_balance_usd": 1568354545.9677927, "export_partner_count": 167, "import_partner_count": 93, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Netherlands" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "POL", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 304696534.67472374, "imports_usd": 446375646.0205502, "trade_balance_usd": -141679111.34582645, "export_partner_count": 139, "import_partner_count": 69, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Poland" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "hs4": 8438, "exports_usd": 462578289.4116415, "imports_usd": 435003606.0802979, "trade_balance_usd": 27574683.33134359, "export_partner_count": 158, "import_partner_count": 79, "active_hs6_count": 8, "country_name": "Spain" } ], "products": [ { "hs_code": "843810", "product_name": "Machinery: industrial, for bakery and for the manufacture of macaroni, spaghetti or similar products" }, { "hs_code": "843820", "product_name": "Machinery: industrial, for the manufacture of confectionery, cocoa or chocolate" }, { "hs_code": "843830", "product_name": "Machinery: industrial, for sugar manufacture" }, { "hs_code": "843840", "product_name": "Machinery: industrial, brewery machinery" }, { "hs_code": "843850", "product_name": "Machinery: industrial, for the preparation of meat or poultry" }, { "hs_code": "843860", "product_name": "Machinery: industrial, for the preparation of fruits, nuts or vegetables" }, { "hs_code": "843880", "product_name": "Machinery: used in the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink, n.e.c. in heading no. 8438" }, { "hs_code": "843890", "product_name": "Machinery: parts of those machines used in the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink" } ], "methodology": { "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.", "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.", "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed." } }