{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Ploughs (HS4 8432) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for ploughs at HS4 8432, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8432",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8432/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8432/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8432/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8432/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8432",
    "name": "Ploughs"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The ploughs subsector recorded $9.7B in reported global trade in 2024, with -21% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 9656441174.549068,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -21.006971442961532,
    "activeExporters": 173,
    "activeImporters": 197,
    "activeHs6Products": 9
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -3.3479010400313203,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.8925511727949225,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 11826353613.791683,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 65.51724137931035,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1221.569611067681,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 528.8087967295501,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5289302270894192
  },
  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 1889053026.219929,
      "corridor_count": 2904,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 2245398824.5802164,
      "corridor_count": 3007,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 2229250980.5953445,
      "corridor_count": 2903,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 2151587716.5319,
      "corridor_count": 2976,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 1945820824.7544737,
      "corridor_count": 3178,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 1913224431.5705364,
      "corridor_count": 3470,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 1957904144.960904,
      "corridor_count": 3595,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 2272211335.354269,
      "corridor_count": 3693,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 2728127165.701654,
      "corridor_count": 3700,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 3373418081.852996,
      "corridor_count": 3826,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 3605432875.648958,
      "corridor_count": 3970,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 4104970490.63691,
      "corridor_count": 4100,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 5525918338.080377,
      "corridor_count": 4317,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 7531973561.531908,
      "corridor_count": 4555,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 5576860548.857095,
      "corridor_count": 4677,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 5707428691.625166,
      "corridor_count": 4679,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 7572818620.7873535,
      "corridor_count": 4869,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 8066172608.691734,
      "corridor_count": 4996,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 8478127734.754091,
      "corridor_count": 5021,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 8117922978.232832,
      "corridor_count": 5275,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 6452238761.48693,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "corridor_count": 5189,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 7543186506.973702,
      "corridor_count": 5234,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 8389170102.561811,
      "corridor_count": 5291,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8432,
      "global_trade_usd": 7978018605.211861,
      "corridor_count": 5216,
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    },
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      "year": 2020,
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      "global_trade_usd": 8197416074.668142,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 6402,
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "exporter_name": "Netherlands",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
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      "active_hs6_count": 9,
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      "active_hs6_count": 9,
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      "year": 2024,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "843210",
      "product_name": "Ploughs: for soil preparation"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843221",
      "product_name": "Harrows: disc harrows"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843229",
      "product_name": "Harrows: (excluding disc), scarifiers, cultivators, weeders and hoes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843230",
      "product_name": "Seeders, planters and transplanters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843231",
      "product_name": "Seeders, planters and transplanters: no-till direct seeders, planters and transplanters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843239",
      "product_name": "Seeders, planters and transplanters: other than no-till direct seeders, planters and transplanters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843240",
      "product_name": "Spreaders and distributors: for manure and fertilizers, for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843241",
      "product_name": "Spreaders and distributors: for manure and fertilizers, for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use: manure spreaders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843242",
      "product_name": "Spreaders and distributors: for manure and fertilizers, for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use: fertiliser distributors"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843280",
      "product_name": "Rollers: for lawns or sports-grounds"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "843290",
      "product_name": "Machinery: parts of machinery for soil preparation or cultivation or for rollers for lawns or sports-grounds"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}