{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Furnaces (HS4 8416) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for furnaces at HS4 8416, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8416",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8416/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8416/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8416/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8416/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8416",
    "name": "Furnaces"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The furnaces subsector recorded $2.4B in reported global trade in 2024, with -17.7% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2413535344.9468875,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -17.672312879462442,
    "activeExporters": 163,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.19475936382578052,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -0.9555558018045973,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 3015094584.5251245,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 55.172413793103445,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1249.3418469662417,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 441.2133454674238,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.31194961934471604
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1115259351.051242,
      "corridor_count": 2375,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1221046492.6809363,
      "corridor_count": 2351,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1148515171.8682127,
      "corridor_count": 2385,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1211278189.1686306,
      "corridor_count": 2408,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1212308161.764782,
      "corridor_count": 2690,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1129146304.76292,
      "corridor_count": 3047,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1094335680.9210243,
      "corridor_count": 3035,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1187459800.4518368,
      "corridor_count": 3237,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1438953752.114738,
      "corridor_count": 3211,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1659468923.8020513,
      "corridor_count": 3353,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 1842072977.9069564,
      "corridor_count": 3476,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2269795749.1834855,
      "corridor_count": 3703,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2605950856.13057,
      "corridor_count": 3798,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 3015094584.5251245,
      "corridor_count": 3876,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2465496733.11305,
      "corridor_count": 3823,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2550141664.8434443,
      "corridor_count": 3863,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2912891806.905295,
      "corridor_count": 3935,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2736672789.859084,
      "corridor_count": 4077,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2905670556.030744,
      "corridor_count": 4134,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2897693453.5041885,
      "corridor_count": 4348,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2436163798.889353,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2361447487.159432,
      "corridor_count": 4288,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2587828587.3247514,
      "corridor_count": 4327,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2607490026.5995607,
      "corridor_count": 4446,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8416,
      "global_trade_usd": 2532229518.236428,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8416,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "export_partner_count": 178,
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      "country_name": "Canada"
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    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": -79968502.0361941,
      "export_partner_count": 36,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Indonesia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 306681189.8596557,
      "export_partner_count": 154,
      "import_partner_count": 60,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Italy"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "841610",
      "product_name": "Furnaces: furnace burners, for liquid fuel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "841620",
      "product_name": "Furnaces: furnace burners, for pulverized solid fuel or gas, including combination burners"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "841630",
      "product_name": "Furnace accessories: mechanical stokers, mechanical grates, mechanical ash dischargers and similar appliances"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "841690",
      "product_name": "Furnaces: parts of furnace burners, for liquid fuel, pulverized solid fuel or gas, mechanical stokers, grates, ash dischargers and the like"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}