{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:52.973Z",
  "title": "HS4 8414 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8414 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8414",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8414",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Pumps",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8414",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 94381036519.33095,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 90441155944.73564,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 85107323924.53561,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 77829273393.25833,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 4.1358888196805665,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 5.095806120970781,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 2.3605507989236774,
    "historical_peak_usd": 94381036519.33095,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 3.575994713665245,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.7753380207568892,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 2121.850710264875,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 503.9553779159326,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.4347597382538783,
    "active_corridor_count": 12106,
    "active_exporter_count": 200,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 9,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 94381036519.33095,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 31109185066.807537,
    "topFiveSharePct": 13.110026698099508,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 3754299081.3433003,
      "cagr3": -3.31346173395195,
      "cagr5": 3.96544579856577,
      "cagr10": 4.492709587046972,
      "share": 3.9778108185687833,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 4373205202.951875,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.152231438644092,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 4.1358888196805665,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 5.095806120970781,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 2.3605507989236774,
    "latestYoyPct": 3.575994713665245,
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 94381036519.33095,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2121.850710264875,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 503.9553779159326,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4347597382538783,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "China to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8414 routes with $3.8B in 2024 and -3.3% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $94.4B in latest reported trade, with +4.1% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 3754299081.3433003,
      "cagr3": -3.31346173395195,
      "cagr5": 3.96544579856577,
      "cagr10": 4.492709587046972,
      "share": 3.9778108185687833,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 4373205202.951875,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.152231438644092,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 3436515526.2206507,
      "cagr3": 9.653174059207426,
      "cagr5": 7.569794533522223,
      "cagr10": 5.339006453969675,
      "share": 3.641108058308715,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3436515526.2206507,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 2019598938.9787529,
      "cagr3": 11.860560770808458,
      "cagr5": 6.388551001025911,
      "cagr10": -0.6885252894371363,
      "share": 2.1398355151197164,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2164067608.334022,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.6757927894168905,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 1760445977.0971441,
      "cagr3": 17.25743745164847,
      "cagr5": 16.942828602728376,
      "cagr10": 14.950824633838788,
      "share": 1.8652539133076513,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1760445977.0971441,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 1402519561.9874878,
      "cagr3": 10.181619165232902,
      "cagr5": 10.320264213687146,
      "cagr10": 9.582560893849813,
      "share": 1.486018392794644,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1402519561.9874878,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 1397437346.9443178,
      "cagr3": -0.7153587410962059,
      "cagr5": 3.956027596228151,
      "cagr10": 3.651022881982935,
      "share": 1.4806336086996643,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1427861661.9018536,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.1307606870690674,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 1336827054.5013237,
      "cagr3": 9.193221331279066,
      "cagr5": 3.06660491685542,
      "cagr10": 1.5902325858892619,
      "share": 1.4164148898995375,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1336827054.5013237,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1325985932.043291,
      "cagr3": 7.201834846742239,
      "cagr5": 8.384036107835758,
      "cagr10": 2.9540710627168787,
      "share": 1.4049283425401935,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1325985932.043291,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 1300451255.7000282,
      "cagr3": 6.439527727503669,
      "cagr5": 9.691161599608812,
      "cagr10": 7.983770209621377,
      "share": 1.3778734623598587,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.14177167863838386,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.1297884190808081,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.01621420555959599,
      "distanceKm": 867,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1300451255.7000282,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1282228065.6584275,
      "cagr3": 10.115325473950044,
      "cagr5": 5.0186584221314945,
      "cagr10": 3.2615560802662813,
      "share": 1.3585653569250682,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1282228065.6584275,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 1264806284.3730104,
      "cagr3": 8.816399414910014,
      "cagr5": 13.666272642198285,
      "cagr10": 9.410440830004575,
      "share": 1.3401063720188697,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29405095701191925,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.006877102784626263,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1264806284.3730104,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 1005850181,
      "cagr3": 10.277256366691923,
      "cagr5": 25.52540908432215,
      "cagr10": 13.672960851252757,
      "share": 1.0657333486626666,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1005850181,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 993314723.903326,
      "cagr3": -4.6861290195439835,
      "cagr5": 1.0094151401652374,
      "cagr10": -2.6326106751838108,
      "share": 1.0524515946589303,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1297034766.073643,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.416491995024312,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 899430498.8732464,
      "cagr3": -12.105148203762528,
      "cagr5": -3.0257221867133643,
      "cagr10": 0.6045052741260104,
      "share": 0.9529779837595095,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1324577261.5872443,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 32.096788541012955,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 822957883.0855521,
      "cagr3": 19.94815668164225,
      "cagr5": 6.397570626259164,
      "cagr10": 7.17521341879559,
      "share": 0.8719525801319161,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 822957883.0855521,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Brazil",
      "value": 815106801.0638868,
      "cagr3": 17.500918297931744,
      "cagr5": 16.872466959651856,
      "cagr10": 6.140264827206288,
      "share": 0.8636340849010894,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 815106801.0638868,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 797973319.5935102,
      "cagr3": 6.874087018120023,
      "cagr5": 7.4312223418321555,
      "cagr10": 4.549710194266199,
      "share": 0.8454805637042042,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 797973319.5935102,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "ARE",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "United Arab Emirates",
      "value": 755446716.2737936,
      "cagr3": 57.35815778866073,
      "cagr5": 38.35046407794551,
      "cagr10": 15.694305474998904,
      "share": 0.8004221442504125,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05214629114545452,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05214629114545452,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6430,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 755446716.2737936,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 734966218.8607945,
      "cagr3": 14.524728778654428,
      "cagr5": 15.98902387641985,
      "cagr10": 10.084348919210196,
      "share": 0.7787223429255941,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
      "distanceKm": 3737,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 734966218.8607945,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 724744248.1731488,
      "cagr3": 3.8569139823244836,
      "cagr5": 1.1169415140000583,
      "cagr10": 3.8739553000355365,
      "share": 0.7678918084616585,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 783851838.1150041,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.540658459639059,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 676369721.3161072,
      "cagr3": -7.949886781516302,
      "cagr5": 3.902695536320855,
      "cagr10": 4.930112257017583,
      "share": 0.7166373100570625,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019524322693477366,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160485,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0166649603067814,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04211767652037909,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 867183840.6590521,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 22.003883190204274,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 665619384.8738332,
      "cagr3": 6.474700690567725,
      "cagr5": 16.11668530365713,
      "cagr10": 10.244081655563718,
      "share": 0.7052469536478361,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09186697906323232,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939394,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.029662528486666655,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06806308525272728,
      "distanceKm": 8004,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 665619384.8738332,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 659715651.0969231,
      "cagr3": 12.055261845027054,
      "cagr5": 13.65859763528221,
      "cagr10": 7.103688765732152,
      "share": 0.6989917418016504,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 659715651.0969231,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 647157513.9616323,
      "cagr3": 15.470610334809255,
      "cagr5": 14.017261725053753,
      "cagr10": 12.190860965915483,
      "share": 0.6856859575059685,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 647157513.9616323,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 629417179.8840497,
      "cagr3": 14.276469411052052,
      "cagr5": 10.473466450828873,
      "cagr10": 8.862495412918081,
      "share": 0.6668894548060337,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "distanceKm": 4425,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 629417179.8840497,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "ARE",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "United Arab Emirates",
      "value": 755446716.2737936,
      "cagr3": 57.35815778866073,
      "cagr5": 38.35046407794551,
      "cagr10": 15.694305474998904,
      "share": 0.8004221442504125,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05214629114545452,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05214629114545452,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6430,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 755446716.2737936,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 822957883.0855521,
      "cagr3": 19.94815668164225,
      "cagr5": 6.397570626259164,
      "cagr10": 7.17521341879559,
      "share": 0.8719525801319161,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 822957883.0855521,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Brazil",
      "value": 815106801.0638868,
      "cagr3": 17.500918297931744,
      "cagr5": 16.872466959651856,
      "cagr10": 6.140264827206288,
      "share": 0.8636340849010894,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 815106801.0638868,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 1760445977.0971441,
      "cagr3": 17.25743745164847,
      "cagr5": 16.942828602728376,
      "cagr10": 14.950824633838788,
      "share": 1.8652539133076513,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1760445977.0971441,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 647157513.9616323,
      "cagr3": 15.470610334809255,
      "cagr5": 14.017261725053753,
      "cagr10": 12.190860965915483,
      "share": 0.6856859575059685,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 647157513.9616323,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "MEX",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Mexico",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 3436515526.2206507,
          "cagr3": 9.653174059207426,
          "cagr5": 7.569794533522223,
          "cagr10": 5.339006453969675,
          "share": 3.641108058308715,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 3436515526.2206507,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 2019598938.9787529,
          "cagr3": 11.860560770808458,
          "cagr5": 6.388551001025911,
          "cagr10": -0.6885252894371363,
          "share": 2.1398355151197164,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2164067608.334022,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.6757927894168905,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 1336827054.5013237,
          "cagr3": 9.193221331279066,
          "cagr5": 3.06660491685542,
          "cagr10": 1.5902325858892619,
          "share": 1.4164148898995375,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1336827054.5013237,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "KOR",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
          "value": 1300451255.7000282,
          "cagr3": 6.439527727503669,
          "cagr5": 9.691161599608812,
          "cagr10": 7.983770209621377,
          "share": 1.3778734623598587,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.14177167863838386,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.1297884190808081,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.01621420555959599,
          "distanceKm": 867,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1300451255.7000282,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 1264806284.3730104,
          "cagr3": 8.816399414910014,
          "cagr5": 13.666272642198285,
          "cagr10": 9.410440830004575,
          "share": 1.3401063720188697,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29405095701191925,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.006877102784626263,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
          "distanceKm": 2887,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1264806284.3730104,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "CAN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Canada",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 822957883.0855521,
          "cagr3": 19.94815668164225,
          "cagr5": 6.397570626259164,
          "cagr10": 7.17521341879559,
          "share": 0.8719525801319161,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 822957883.0855521,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 797973319.5935102,
          "cagr3": 6.874087018120023,
          "cagr5": 7.4312223418321555,
          "cagr10": 4.549710194266199,
          "share": 0.8454805637042042,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 797973319.5935102,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MYS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Malaysia",
          "value": 734966218.8607945,
          "cagr3": 14.524728778654428,
          "cagr5": 15.98902387641985,
          "cagr10": 10.084348919210196,
          "share": 0.7787223429255941,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
          "distanceKm": 3737,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 734966218.8607945,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 724744248.1731488,
          "cagr3": 3.8569139823244836,
          "cagr5": 1.1169415140000583,
          "cagr10": 3.8739553000355365,
          "share": 0.7678918084616585,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
          "distanceKm": 11077,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 783851838.1150041,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.540658459639059,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 647157513.9616323,
          "cagr3": 15.470610334809255,
          "cagr5": 14.017261725053753,
          "cagr10": 12.190860965915483,
          "share": 0.6856859575059685,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
          "distanceKm": 2732,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 647157513.9616323,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IDN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Indonesia",
          "value": 629417179.8840497,
          "cagr3": 14.276469411052052,
          "cagr5": 10.473466450828873,
          "cagr10": 8.862495412918081,
          "share": 0.6668894548060337,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
          "distanceKm": 4425,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 629417179.8840497,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 11,
      "value": 13715415423.332453,
      "averageCagr": 10.992168137301011,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.10189664312234785,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.08111898234015573
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 3754299081.3433003,
          "cagr3": -3.31346173395195,
          "cagr5": 3.96544579856577,
          "cagr10": 4.492709587046972,
          "share": 3.9778108185687833,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 4373205202.951875,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.152231438644092,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 1760445977.0971441,
          "cagr3": 17.25743745164847,
          "cagr5": 16.942828602728376,
          "cagr10": 14.950824633838788,
          "share": 1.8652539133076513,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12928,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1760445977.0971441,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 1402519561.9874878,
          "cagr3": 10.181619165232902,
          "cagr5": 10.320264213687146,
          "cagr10": 9.582560893849813,
          "share": 1.486018392794644,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
          "distanceKm": 4252,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1402519561.9874878,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 1397437346.9443178,
          "cagr3": -0.7153587410962059,
          "cagr5": 3.956027596228151,
          "cagr10": 3.651022881982935,
          "share": 1.4806336086996643,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1427861661.9018536,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.1307606870690674,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1325985932.043291,
          "cagr3": 7.201834846742239,
          "cagr5": 8.384036107835758,
          "cagr10": 2.9540710627168787,
          "share": 1.4049283425401935,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
          "distanceKm": 10872,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1325985932.043291,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1282228065.6584275,
          "cagr3": 10.115325473950044,
          "cagr5": 5.0186584221314945,
          "cagr10": 3.2615560802662813,
          "share": 1.3585653569250682,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1282228065.6584275,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "RUS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Russia",
          "value": 1005850181,
          "cagr3": 10.277256366691923,
          "cagr5": 25.52540908432215,
          "cagr10": 13.672960851252757,
          "share": 1.0657333486626666,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
          "distanceKm": 6831,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1005850181,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 993314723.903326,
          "cagr3": -4.6861290195439835,
          "cagr5": 1.0094151401652374,
          "cagr10": -2.6326106751838108,
          "share": 1.0524515946589303,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1297034766.073643,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.416491995024312,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 899430498.8732464,
          "cagr3": -12.105148203762528,
          "cagr5": -3.0257221867133643,
          "cagr10": 0.6045052741260104,
          "share": 0.9529779837595095,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1324577261.5872443,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 32.096788541012955,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "BRA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Brazil",
          "value": 815106801.0638868,
          "cagr3": 17.500918297931744,
          "cagr5": 16.872466959651856,
          "cagr10": 6.140264827206288,
          "share": 0.8636340849010894,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 18570,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 815106801.0638868,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "ARE",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "United Arab Emirates",
          "value": 755446716.2737936,
          "cagr3": 57.35815778866073,
          "cagr5": 38.35046407794551,
          "cagr10": 15.694305474998904,
          "share": 0.8004221442504125,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.05214629114545452,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05214629114545452,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6430,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 755446716.2737936,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 676369721.3161072,
          "cagr3": -7.949886781516302,
          "cagr5": 3.902695536320855,
          "cagr10": 4.930112257017583,
          "share": 0.7166373100570625,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019524322693477366,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160485,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0166649603067814,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04211767652037909,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 867183840.6590521,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 22.003883190204274,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 665619384.8738332,
          "cagr3": 6.474700690567725,
          "cagr5": 16.11668530365713,
          "cagr10": 10.244081655563718,
          "share": 0.7052469536478361,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09186697906323232,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939394,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.029662528486666655,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06806308525272728,
          "distanceKm": 8004,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 665619384.8738332,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 659715651.0969231,
          "cagr3": 12.055261845027054,
          "cagr5": 13.65859763528221,
          "cagr10": 7.103688765732152,
          "share": 0.6989917418016504,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6907,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 659715651.0969231,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 14,
      "value": 17393769643.475086,
      "averageCagr": 8.546609103327276,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.14234846818831384,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.10946946739708129
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 797973319.5935102,
      "cagr3": 6.874087018120023,
      "cagr5": 7.4312223418321555,
      "cagr10": 4.549710194266199,
      "share": 0.8454805637042042,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 797973319.5935102,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 1402519561.9874878,
      "cagr3": 10.181619165232902,
      "cagr5": 10.320264213687146,
      "cagr10": 9.582560893849813,
      "share": 1.486018392794644,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1402519561.9874878,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 8414 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8414",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Pumps in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8414",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8414",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8414",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}