{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:52.822Z",
  "title": "HS4 8413 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8413 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8413",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8413",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Pumps",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8413",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 78002553335.91077,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 75314624402.37054,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 71613050147.19884,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 67399746819.00134,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 3.2449269141919146,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 3.124658007995884,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 1.488061677959962,
    "historical_peak_usd": 78002553335.91077,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 2.4777407408594256,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 82.75862068965517,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.7568652362319526,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1056.839055749615,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 527.8539038501439,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.4410498759162206,
    "active_corridor_count": 12334,
    "active_exporter_count": 200,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 12,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 78002553335.91077,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 22974495158.35787,
    "topFiveSharePct": 12.283612812625282,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2620944858.8953285,
      "cagr3": 8.507479648973293,
      "cagr5": 4.981421922973728,
      "cagr10": 4.934996332224784,
      "share": 3.3600757241990173,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2620944858.8953285,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.2449269141919146,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.124658007995884,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 1.488061677959962,
    "latestYoyPct": 2.4777407408594256,
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 78002553335.91077,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1056.839055749615,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 527.8539038501439,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4410498759162206,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Mexico to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8413 routes with $2.6B in 2024 and +8.5% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $78.0B in latest reported trade, with +3.2% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2620944858.8953285,
      "cagr3": 8.507479648973293,
      "cagr5": 4.981421922973728,
      "cagr10": 4.934996332224784,
      "share": 3.3600757241990173,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2620944858.8953285,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1936880296.2272556,
      "cagr3": 2.8353093061330714,
      "cagr5": 2.396247848905042,
      "cagr10": -0.2770102223334847,
      "share": 2.4830985825377536,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2047097265.348388,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.384061177101663,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 1835570069.349647,
      "cagr3": 17.15676438555107,
      "cagr5": 8.917254539090491,
      "cagr10": 3.421012990713246,
      "share": 2.35321792793748,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1835570069.349647,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 1832482850.8689718,
      "cagr3": 8.464385091638071,
      "cagr5": 2.8026174651659685,
      "cagr10": -0.9956825629585109,
      "share": 2.3492600850866436,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2100799815.4644651,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.772133861606,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1355653560.4036014,
      "cagr3": 3.3558183038233658,
      "cagr5": 2.7335514150761187,
      "cagr10": 0.5489206158278082,
      "share": 1.7379604928643873,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1380307883.370119,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 1.7861466462339124,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1161269801.2834232,
      "cagr3": -1.8594827648916956,
      "cagr5": 4.141345650184158,
      "cagr10": 2.4164412400698776,
      "share": 1.4887587029138938,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1228536615.4953818,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.475360959008511,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1118784001.952543,
      "cagr3": 6.78375936850375,
      "cagr5": 1.2442116460722241,
      "cagr10": -2.361882971854068,
      "share": 1.4342915124003741,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1420863290.3726766,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 21.26026412723363,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 1023898620,
      "cagr3": 32.162071314924745,
      "cagr5": 26.221384302916096,
      "cagr10": 12.460249558204994,
      "share": 1.312647568843901,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1023898620,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 978577358.5949168,
      "cagr3": -10.672307418393668,
      "cagr5": -3.682817972201724,
      "cagr10": -1.2168212204768158,
      "share": 1.254545289537849,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1372893394.7241967,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 28.721533488657712,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "CZE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Czechia",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 748140332.7755984,
      "cagr3": -1.8345249400777641,
      "cagr5": -0.7134737433256433,
      "cagr10": -0.42426894433912343,
      "share": 0.959122875829207,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.011496931921698412,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.022176024142857142,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.005402134669555556,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.016773889473301586,
      "distanceKm": 280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 904569283.4563327,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.293197275395407,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 735367686.7040137,
      "cagr3": 9.989017196045058,
      "cagr5": 20.554592586792133,
      "cagr10": 12.941525686428701,
      "share": 0.9427482245833939,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 735367686.7040137,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 733089171.6848884,
      "cagr3": -4.855968819321943,
      "cagr5": -1.5511004115961846,
      "cagr10": -1.8411960672479633,
      "share": 0.9398271471036439,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1107044537.9806342,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.77961350840318,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 710868278.0513372,
      "cagr3": -13.525512887654845,
      "cagr5": -5.21539931567122,
      "cagr10": 0.015354854414040275,
      "share": 0.9113397544693811,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1301605459.1402774,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 45.38527223749719,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 680148243.9962585,
      "cagr3": 2.303757646291804,
      "cagr5": 1.3520584881424158,
      "cagr10": 2.5301878230745034,
      "share": 0.8719563846420041,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 686712625.7745903,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.9559139488555843,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Poland",
      "value": 610150442.0446146,
      "cagr3": 2.342968413274482,
      "cagr5": 8.22976892126066,
      "cagr10": 4.12245513608831,
      "share": 0.7822185504839287,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 610150442.0446146,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 569569440.676977,
      "cagr3": 3.273125988331671,
      "cagr5": 2.0353628587440165,
      "cagr10": 0.8816867347219093,
      "share": 0.7301933287032016,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 775372168.3882732,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.542444532035226,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CZE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Czechia",
      "value": 533675123.5243876,
      "cagr3": -2.4398068066105782,
      "cagr5": -4.410014843565147,
      "cagr10": -3.7509972969310357,
      "share": 0.6841764797444068,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0260380708015873,
      "distanceKm": 280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 782194174.6576054,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.772040649881284,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 509942826.2553998,
      "cagr3": -0.17209788521488356,
      "cagr5": 2.3221049854950992,
      "cagr10": 3.80920067761934,
      "share": 0.6537514535702162,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 532234977.23427194,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.188403981773611,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 491308999.6228606,
      "cagr3": 5.160312184540516,
      "cagr5": 5.951902419805033,
      "cagr10": 6.2910014202053555,
      "share": 0.62986271424614,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "distanceKm": 4425,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 491308999.6228606,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 487516069.85912746,
      "cagr3": -1.2421604697964717,
      "cagr5": 8.306942766577198,
      "cagr10": 6.9952376090919755,
      "share": 0.6250001429564551,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019524322693477366,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160485,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0166649603067814,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04211767652037909,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 506144117.96087635,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 3.680384191126525,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 483598427.01601994,
      "cagr3": -8.889668450673271,
      "cagr5": -0.7307855576862088,
      "cagr10": -3.019406182383455,
      "share": 0.6199776883372626,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 688786395.0485398,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 29.789782363233225,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 472147149.15965015,
      "cagr3": 2.5286752716310534,
      "cagr5": 4.787222869767449,
      "cagr10": 3.5079367408303863,
      "share": 0.6052970434524011,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 483127490.85756487,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.2727627604929506,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 455459084.19339085,
      "cagr3": 3.9120470891250925,
      "cagr5": 1.434268517620696,
      "cagr10": 4.321489157375535,
      "share": 0.5839027887100035,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 519621829.35267234,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.347969529920118,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 448942239.0248145,
      "cagr3": 2.7318431173428914,
      "cagr5": -3.4043942457394505,
      "cagr10": -3.1636296353548476,
      "share": 0.5755481324970048,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 750162835.7548093,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 40.15402821534187,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 440510226.1928427,
      "cagr3": 13.020192976785804,
      "cagr5": 2.104783247020414,
      "cagr10": 3.354282082025306,
      "share": 0.5647382134990201,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.058782636827160506,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160506,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 440510226.1928427,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 1023898620,
      "cagr3": 32.162071314924745,
      "cagr5": 26.221384302916096,
      "cagr10": 12.460249558204994,
      "share": 1.312647568843901,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1023898620,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 1835570069.349647,
      "cagr3": 17.15676438555107,
      "cagr5": 8.917254539090491,
      "cagr10": 3.421012990713246,
      "share": 2.35321792793748,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1835570069.349647,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 440510226.1928427,
      "cagr3": 13.020192976785804,
      "cagr5": 2.104783247020414,
      "cagr10": 3.354282082025306,
      "share": 0.5647382134990201,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.058782636827160506,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160506,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 440510226.1928427,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 735367686.7040137,
      "cagr3": 9.989017196045058,
      "cagr5": 20.554592586792133,
      "cagr10": 12.941525686428701,
      "share": 0.9427482245833939,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 735367686.7040137,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2620944858.8953285,
      "cagr3": 8.507479648973293,
      "cagr5": 4.981421922973728,
      "cagr10": 4.934996332224784,
      "share": 3.3600757241990173,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2620944858.8953285,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "MEX",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Mexico",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 2620944858.8953285,
          "cagr3": 8.507479648973293,
          "cagr5": 4.981421922973728,
          "cagr10": 4.934996332224784,
          "share": 3.3600757241990173,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2620944858.8953285,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 1835570069.349647,
          "cagr3": 17.15676438555107,
          "cagr5": 8.917254539090491,
          "cagr10": 3.421012990713246,
          "share": 2.35321792793748,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1835570069.349647,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 1832482850.8689718,
          "cagr3": 8.464385091638071,
          "cagr5": 2.8026174651659685,
          "cagr10": -0.9956825629585109,
          "share": 2.3492600850866436,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2100799815.4644651,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.772133861606,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "CAN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Canada",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1118784001.952543,
          "cagr3": 6.78375936850375,
          "cagr5": 1.2442116460722241,
          "cagr10": -2.361882971854068,
          "share": 1.4342915124003741,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1420863290.3726766,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 21.26026412723363,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "CZE",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Czechia",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 748140332.7755984,
          "cagr3": -1.8345249400777641,
          "cagr5": -0.7134737433256433,
          "cagr10": -0.42426894433912343,
          "share": 0.959122875829207,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.011496931921698412,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.022176024142857142,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.005402134669555556,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.016773889473301586,
          "distanceKm": 280,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 904569283.4563327,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.293197275395407,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 733089171.6848884,
          "cagr3": -4.855968819321943,
          "cagr5": -1.5511004115961846,
          "cagr10": -1.8411960672479633,
          "share": 0.9398271471036439,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1107044537.9806342,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.77961350840318,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 680148243.9962585,
          "cagr3": 2.303757646291804,
          "cagr5": 1.3520584881424158,
          "cagr10": 2.5301878230745034,
          "share": 0.8719563846420041,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 686712625.7745903,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.9559139488555843,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "POL",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Poland",
          "value": 610150442.0446146,
          "cagr3": 2.342968413274482,
          "cagr5": 8.22976892126066,
          "cagr10": 4.12245513608831,
          "share": 0.7822185504839287,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
          "distanceKm": 518,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 610150442.0446146,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 569569440.676977,
          "cagr3": 3.273125988331671,
          "cagr5": 2.0353628587440165,
          "cagr10": 0.8816867347219093,
          "share": 0.7301933287032016,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 775372168.3882732,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.542444532035226,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CZE",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Czechia",
          "value": 533675123.5243876,
          "cagr3": -2.4398068066105782,
          "cagr5": -4.410014843565147,
          "cagr10": -3.7509972969310357,
          "share": 0.6841764797444068,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0260380708015873,
          "distanceKm": 280,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 782194174.6576054,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.772040649881284,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 509942826.2553998,
          "cagr3": -0.17209788521488356,
          "cagr5": 2.3221049854950992,
          "cagr10": 3.80920067761934,
          "share": 0.6537514535702162,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 579,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 532234977.23427194,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.188403981773611,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IDN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Indonesia",
          "value": 491308999.6228606,
          "cagr3": 5.160312184540516,
          "cagr5": 5.951902419805033,
          "cagr10": 6.2910014202053555,
          "share": 0.62986271424614,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
          "distanceKm": 4425,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 491308999.6228606,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 448942239.0248145,
          "cagr3": 2.7318431173428914,
          "cagr5": -3.4043942457394505,
          "cagr10": -3.1636296353548476,
          "share": 0.5755481324970048,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 935,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 750162835.7548093,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 40.15402821534187,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        }
      ],
      "count": 13,
      "value": 12732748600.672289,
      "averageCagr": 3.6478459533247993,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.03701354593746545,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.033345057407817166
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1936880296.2272556,
          "cagr3": 2.8353093061330714,
          "cagr5": 2.396247848905042,
          "cagr10": -0.2770102223334847,
          "share": 2.4830985825377536,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2047097265.348388,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.384061177101663,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1355653560.4036014,
          "cagr3": 3.3558183038233658,
          "cagr5": 2.7335514150761187,
          "cagr10": 0.5489206158278082,
          "share": 1.7379604928643873,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1380307883.370119,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 1.7861466462339124,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1161269801.2834232,
          "cagr3": -1.8594827648916956,
          "cagr5": 4.141345650184158,
          "cagr10": 2.4164412400698776,
          "share": 1.4887587029138938,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
          "distanceKm": 10872,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1228536615.4953818,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.475360959008511,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "RUS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Russia",
          "value": 1023898620,
          "cagr3": 32.162071314924745,
          "cagr5": 26.221384302916096,
          "cagr10": 12.460249558204994,
          "share": 1.312647568843901,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
          "distanceKm": 6831,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1023898620,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 978577358.5949168,
          "cagr3": -10.672307418393668,
          "cagr5": -3.682817972201724,
          "cagr10": -1.2168212204768158,
          "share": 1.254545289537849,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1372893394.7241967,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 28.721533488657712,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 735367686.7040137,
          "cagr3": 9.989017196045058,
          "cagr5": 20.554592586792133,
          "cagr10": 12.941525686428701,
          "share": 0.9427482245833939,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12928,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 735367686.7040137,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 710868278.0513372,
          "cagr3": -13.525512887654845,
          "cagr5": -5.21539931567122,
          "cagr10": 0.015354854414040275,
          "share": 0.9113397544693811,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1301605459.1402774,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 45.38527223749719,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 487516069.85912746,
          "cagr3": -1.2421604697964717,
          "cagr5": 8.306942766577198,
          "cagr10": 6.9952376090919755,
          "share": 0.6250001429564551,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019524322693477366,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160485,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0166649603067814,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04211767652037909,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 506144117.96087635,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 3.680384191126525,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 483598427.01601994,
          "cagr3": -8.889668450673271,
          "cagr5": -0.7307855576862088,
          "cagr10": -3.019406182383455,
          "share": 0.6199776883372626,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 688786395.0485398,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 29.789782363233225,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 472147149.15965015,
          "cagr3": 2.5286752716310534,
          "cagr5": 4.787222869767449,
          "cagr10": 3.5079367408303863,
          "share": 0.6052970434524011,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 483127490.85756487,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.2727627604929506,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 455459084.19339085,
          "cagr3": 3.9120470891250925,
          "cagr5": 1.434268517620696,
          "cagr10": 4.321489157375535,
          "share": 0.5839027887100035,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6907,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 519621829.35267234,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.347969529920118,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 440510226.1928427,
          "cagr3": 13.020192976785804,
          "cagr5": 2.104783247020414,
          "cagr10": 3.354282082025306,
          "share": 0.5647382134990201,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.058782636827160506,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160506,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 440510226.1928427,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 12,
      "value": 10241746557.68558,
      "averageCagr": 2.6344999555881867,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.11586582002477432,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.03393507457688453
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 733089171.6848884,
      "cagr3": -4.855968819321943,
      "cagr5": -1.5511004115961846,
      "cagr10": -1.8411960672479633,
      "share": 0.9398271471036439,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1107044537.9806342,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.77961350840318,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 1835570069.349647,
      "cagr3": 17.15676438555107,
      "cagr5": 8.917254539090491,
      "cagr10": 3.421012990713246,
      "share": 2.35321792793748,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1835570069.349647,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 8413 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8413",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Pumps in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8413",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8413",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8413",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}