{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Engines (HS4 8408) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for engines at HS4 8408, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8408",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8408/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8408/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8408/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8408/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8408",
    "name": "Engines"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The engines subsector recorded $47.6B in reported global trade in 2024, with -5.1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 47648019849.58973,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -5.111094255093992,
    "activeExporters": 179,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 3
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 1.2702525885323057,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 0.26447855683939814,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 55203274528.44856,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1115.6865453583548,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 869.2939189042554,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4178014746403077
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 11158143501.66773,
      "corridor_count": 3410,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 11511286971.945572,
      "corridor_count": 3607,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 12228599726.512264,
      "corridor_count": 3559,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 13312806555.06235,
      "corridor_count": 3647,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 14653406010.572239,
      "corridor_count": 3939,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 16502370583.587946,
      "corridor_count": 4225,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 14940356978.1664,
      "corridor_count": 4445,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 17257681977.031242,
      "corridor_count": 4477,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 22579793200.229053,
      "corridor_count": 4651,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 30605226316.27717,
      "corridor_count": 4803,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 35018817949.755165,
      "corridor_count": 4965,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
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      "global_trade_usd": 39040406771.94986,
      "corridor_count": 5142,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 47996401677.29838,
      "corridor_count": 5299,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 52007994240.01965,
      "corridor_count": 5522,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 32820011348.941685,
      "corridor_count": 5325,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 43944834459.3576,
      "corridor_count": 5380,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 55203274528.44856,
      "corridor_count": 5409,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 50278638281.786995,
      "corridor_count": 5636,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 50553796322.97378,
      "corridor_count": 5637,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 52442886697.00837,
      "corridor_count": 5741,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 46913167936.977875,
      "corridor_count": 5747,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 44823504921.465775,
      "corridor_count": 5715,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 47968751795.849,
      "corridor_count": 5796,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 50651152056.85461,
      "corridor_count": 5721,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 47022894574.00302,
      "corridor_count": 5760,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8408,
      "global_trade_usd": 38751551615.25382,
      "corridor_count": 5606,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
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      "global_trade_usd": 45877440157.4891,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "year": 2023,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
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      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
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      "historical_peak_usd": 1665343101.6680202,
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      "latest_below_peak_pct": 45.407353864185815,
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      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
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      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 867,
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      "exporter_name": "Republic of Korea",
      "importer_name": "China"
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      "hs4": 8408,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
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      "exporter_name": "United Kingdom",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "export_partner_count": 165,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 2683802065.3443127,
      "export_partner_count": 127,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Sweden"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "exports_usd": 2792464739.8943954,
      "imports_usd": 1799463465.514695,
      "trade_balance_usd": 993001274.3797004,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": -596707989.1085258,
      "export_partner_count": 190,
      "import_partner_count": 53,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 6354408351.654896,
      "trade_balance_usd": -4292653724.3573475,
      "export_partner_count": 85,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
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      "export_partner_count": 104,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 593264269.5774326,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Italy"
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      "export_partner_count": 85,
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      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
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      "imports_usd": 3728163514.8101625,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2121928494.158578,
      "export_partner_count": 159,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 3177287582.815712,
      "trade_balance_usd": -596707989.1085258,
      "export_partner_count": 190,
      "import_partner_count": 53,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -2496977361.3214383,
      "export_partner_count": 124,
      "import_partner_count": 62,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Turkey"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 1799463465.514695,
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      "export_partner_count": 154,
      "import_partner_count": 79,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -1033610255.96669,
      "export_partner_count": 121,
      "import_partner_count": 67,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
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      "exports_usd": 1894670719.1234381,
      "imports_usd": 1442481190.8813195,
      "trade_balance_usd": 452189528.2421186,
      "export_partner_count": 104,
      "import_partner_count": 40,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Poland"
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
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      "exports_usd": 108366152.99229458,
      "imports_usd": 1431172754.0056107,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1322806601.0133162,
      "export_partner_count": 89,
      "import_partner_count": 48,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "exports_usd": 1755255120.8909059,
      "imports_usd": 1161990851.3134732,
      "trade_balance_usd": 593264269.5774326,
      "export_partner_count": 142,
      "import_partner_count": 63,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Italy"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "840810",
      "product_name": "Engines: for marine propulsion, compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "840820",
      "product_name": "Engines: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines), of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "840890",
      "product_name": "Engines: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines), of a kind used for other than marine propulsion or the vehicles of chapter 87"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}