{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:52.390Z",
  "title": "HS4 8403 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8403 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8403/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8403",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8403"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8403/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8403",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Boilers",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8403",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 6540588459.559957,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 7551668311.461408,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 7639209610.466258,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 7155668117.052188,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -8.772602457666368,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -0.9324751171382983,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -1.2554551013186033,
    "historical_peak_usd": 8642483718.197243,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 24.32050006888212,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -12.681366108405385,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.517147356347765,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 888.1016881141913,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 664.699035814435,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.40474595321731205,
    "active_corridor_count": 3146,
    "active_exporter_count": 149,
    "active_importer_count": 191,
    "active_hs6_count": 2,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 6540588459.559957,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 2621978336.620714,
    "topFiveSharePct": 14.704185478445778,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "AUT",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Austria",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 321032414.2755308,
      "cagr3": -23.158420809385117,
      "cagr5": 8.755426037368874,
      "cagr10": 1.6105279142911488,
      "share": 4.908310869281165,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036700996253086426,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 789065476.2776928,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.314857394349985,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -8.772602457666368,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -0.9324751171382983,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -1.2554551013186033,
    "latestYoyPct": -12.681366108405385,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 8642483718.197243,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 24.32050006888212,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 888.1016881141913,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 664.699035814435,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.40474595321731205,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Austria to Germany leads the reported HS4 8403 routes with $321.0M in 2024 and -23.2% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $6.5B in latest reported trade, with -8.8% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "AUT",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Austria",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 321032414.2755308,
      "cagr3": -23.158420809385117,
      "cagr5": 8.755426037368874,
      "cagr10": 1.6105279142911488,
      "share": 4.908310869281165,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036700996253086426,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 789065476.2776928,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.314857394349985,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "SVK",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Slovakia",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 250002153.75151286,
      "cagr3": -7.723000392767765,
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      "cagr10": 2.495639727223753,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0053028493489206355,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.016873174793936505,
      "distanceKm": 553,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 318173023.6984067,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 21.425722757537226,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
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      "rank": 3,
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      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
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    },
    {
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
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      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
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    },
    {
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
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      "exporterName": "Germany",
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    },
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    },
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      "rank": 11,
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      "importerIso3": "ROU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
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      "importerIso3": "RUS",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 83835712,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
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      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
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      "importerName": "Spain",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 108766467.19934809,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
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      "importerName": "France",
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
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      "importerIso3": "POL",
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      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08183472355387879,
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