{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Hinges (HS4 8302) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for hinges at HS4 8302, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8302",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8302/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8302/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8302/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8302/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8302",
    "name": "Hinges"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The hinges subsector recorded $41.7B in reported global trade in 2024, with +5.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 41689602468.64993,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 5.41621793146182,
    "activeExporters": 197,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 8
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 0.20286860137670448,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.902207168374172,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 42396648451.38363,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 79.3103448275862,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1841.2839305561351,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 639.8258020649171,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4688538613306546
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 7452529464.952386,
      "corridor_count": 4603,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 7973487451.906696,
      "corridor_count": 4740,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 8367406796.398609,
      "corridor_count": 4812,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 8969776300.599154,
      "corridor_count": 5013,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 9928023712.321032,
      "corridor_count": 5342,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 10512528139.496878,
      "corridor_count": 6407,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 10695701185.385307,
      "corridor_count": 6554,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 11722484513.448889,
      "corridor_count": 6730,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 13336540613.243118,
      "corridor_count": 6951,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 16097490053.691666,
      "corridor_count": 7202,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 17990301264.708923,
      "corridor_count": 7358,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 20829180941.523045,
      "corridor_count": 7691,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 24420951307.15523,
      "corridor_count": 7847,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 25582806930.105804,
      "corridor_count": 8061,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 19628880197.457317,
      "corridor_count": 8388,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 23190363733.781948,
      "corridor_count": 8329,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 26254771628.63539,
      "corridor_count": 8800,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 26291467411.45587,
      "corridor_count": 9071,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 28315544378.29439,
      "corridor_count": 9135,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 30726790880.794174,
      "corridor_count": 9403,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 29673136776.282677,
      "corridor_count": 9496,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 29389966482.098797,
      "corridor_count": 9686,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 32026870912.4988,
      "corridor_count": 10010,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 34651165657.25531,
      "corridor_count": 10208,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 34427373216.259766,
      "corridor_count": 10059,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 33248574831.27441,
      "corridor_count": 9809,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 41436903116.22215,
      "corridor_count": 10102,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 42396648451.38363,
      "corridor_count": 10312,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 39911796143.93934,
      "corridor_count": 10492,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 8302,
      "global_trade_usd": 41689602468.64993,
      "corridor_count": 10496,
      "active_hs6_count": 8
    }
  ],
  "corridors": [
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 2605663654.0192976,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2708916549.024778,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2706554036.384013,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2482239073.133708,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.1303678731754445,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.519818568675314,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.404089720566672,
      "historical_peak_usd": 3133955049.937295,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 16.857018926565893,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 9.154617660652441,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 82.75862068965517,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.5344575937421165,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11883,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "MEX",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1109481486.252153,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1031625364.1464571,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 912452536.3796127,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 787816836.0269569,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.28234194607598,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.32410677935631,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.709027931979606,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1109481486.252153,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 7.829133463084492,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.5733140140963746,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3359,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "CAN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 994379685.6367655,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1014338748.0023575,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 919774510.7578652,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 855544894.4055307,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.022404714011808,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.593210444830163,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.878857672265678,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1037543844.2840003,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 4.160225024227482,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -4.160225024227482,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.14354704174613,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 556,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Canada",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "USA",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 948595293.9127613,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 898565319.9767481,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 804017375.6239195,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 757790567.6844715,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.873546693272072,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.755668762533172,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.358658093534461,
      "historical_peak_usd": 948595293.9127613,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 6.0551197260486855,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.514888599737611,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3359,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1311842474462,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importer_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 712086531.4495271,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 685601006.5943747,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 680993183.9747784,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 483740541.1012516,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.04278119486904597,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.959361466941608,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.160566906950553,
      "historical_peak_usd": 717099290.5385998,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0.6990327776377683,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 13.458734711428487,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 89.65517241379311,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.117785712081506,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 2732,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "USA",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 695922162.7918143,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 740191952.7042545,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 686546688.4059318,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 677634768.881185,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.787847530275168,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.22694622697538858,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.3318137227310114,
      "historical_peak_usd": 832818589.6047848,
      "historical_peak_year": 2000,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 16.43772467638299,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -12.579678099427639,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.4560338075441566,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 556,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "TWN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 625455955.9419742,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 679110418.3065659,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 651801343.5611722,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 539513663.8905907,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.259698540352296,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.67487845989747,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.160202135454538,
      "historical_peak_usd": 820224615.7291123,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 23.745771103687833,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 5.7137215675550745,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.419900675806835,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 12555,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": null,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Taiwan",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 561720554.8182964,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 572471228.4729767,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 562491152.2166623,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 512512836.9318989,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.1351027132205167,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.590969207495487,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.3404035300858421,
      "historical_peak_usd": 618046354.7228265,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 9.113523520382273,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -2.488540391765892,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.475506243306359,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 518,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08091394394890945,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.09345920419547327,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.047506174607201634,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 534842773.60545653,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 546923517.1924983,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 556876970.7836745,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 512345059.02786434,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.076482396258765,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.7321472770123858,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9450553898228797,
      "historical_peak_usd": 645510163.1942065,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 17.144174623235926,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 11.104195101910319,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.021537786081645,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8415,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019524322693477366,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.058782636827160485,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0166649603067814,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04211767652037909,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8302,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 518300622.47635686,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 523817673.06077117,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 512958111.10905206,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 458047183.9788931,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.3816795163604265,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.1301155778539203,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.1525763043144925,
      "historical_peak_usd": 592868528.3844544,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 12.577477524619562,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -0.6403848764481079,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.534255820674918,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 9217,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": null,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "United Kingdom"
    }
  ],
  "exporters": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 13946143763.358864,
      "imports_usd": 856978256.9705447,
      "trade_balance_usd": 13089165506.388319,
      "export_partner_count": 200,
      "import_partner_count": 94,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 4893264626.861269,
      "imports_usd": 2847882678.0081844,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2045381948.8530846,
      "export_partner_count": 177,
      "import_partner_count": 108,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 2970893829.3338594,
      "imports_usd": 7957605852.655312,
      "trade_balance_usd": -4986712023.321452,
      "export_partner_count": 184,
      "import_partner_count": 129,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUT",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 2356917375.6864076,
      "imports_usd": 586844114.3188714,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1770073261.367536,
      "export_partner_count": 152,
      "import_partner_count": 100,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Austria"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1824071372.1786778,
      "imports_usd": 1046323432.5358689,
      "trade_balance_usd": 777747939.6428089,
      "export_partner_count": 174,
      "import_partner_count": 82,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1265387880.8623037,
      "imports_usd": 211556563.2775305,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1053831317.5847733,
      "export_partner_count": 160,
      "import_partner_count": 64,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1250760323.312727,
      "imports_usd": 2098078053.7712202,
      "trade_balance_usd": -847317730.4584932,
      "export_partner_count": 138,
      "import_partner_count": 77,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1152176329.6930606,
      "imports_usd": 1631449742.5755892,
      "trade_balance_usd": -479273412.88252854,
      "export_partner_count": 160,
      "import_partner_count": 131,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1066755823.1044952,
      "imports_usd": 1660167686.2294316,
      "trade_balance_usd": -593411863.1249365,
      "export_partner_count": 152,
      "import_partner_count": 101,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 926430412.3857021,
      "imports_usd": 488374690.0415064,
      "trade_balance_usd": 438055722.3441957,
      "export_partner_count": 161,
      "import_partner_count": 80,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 2970893829.3338594,
      "imports_usd": 7957605852.655312,
      "trade_balance_usd": -4986712023.321452,
      "export_partner_count": 184,
      "import_partner_count": 129,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 4893264626.861269,
      "imports_usd": 2847882678.0081844,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2045381948.8530846,
      "export_partner_count": 177,
      "import_partner_count": 108,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1250760323.312727,
      "imports_usd": 2098078053.7712202,
      "trade_balance_usd": -847317730.4584932,
      "export_partner_count": 138,
      "import_partner_count": 77,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1066755823.1044952,
      "imports_usd": 1660167686.2294316,
      "trade_balance_usd": -593411863.1249365,
      "export_partner_count": 152,
      "import_partner_count": 101,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1152176329.6930606,
      "imports_usd": 1631449742.5755892,
      "trade_balance_usd": -479273412.88252854,
      "export_partner_count": 160,
      "import_partner_count": 131,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 528760939.3453188,
      "imports_usd": 1519916511.767779,
      "trade_balance_usd": -991155572.4224603,
      "export_partner_count": 168,
      "import_partner_count": 104,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 592619209.09073,
      "imports_usd": 1418255619.6333113,
      "trade_balance_usd": -825636410.5425813,
      "export_partner_count": 175,
      "import_partner_count": 126,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 1824071372.1786778,
      "imports_usd": 1046323432.5358689,
      "trade_balance_usd": 777747939.6428089,
      "export_partner_count": 174,
      "import_partner_count": 82,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 72049379.98940346,
      "imports_usd": 948534570.7149622,
      "trade_balance_usd": -876485190.7255588,
      "export_partner_count": 60,
      "import_partner_count": 51,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Russia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs4": 8302,
      "exports_usd": 709409054.4106956,
      "imports_usd": 905086715.2061635,
      "trade_balance_usd": -195677660.79546797,
      "export_partner_count": 166,
      "import_partner_count": 92,
      "active_hs6_count": 8,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "830210",
      "product_name": "Hinges: suitable for furniture, doors, staircases, windows, blinds, coachwork, saddlery, trunks, chests, caskets or the like, of base metal"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "830220",
      "product_name": "Castors: with mountings, of base metal"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "830230",
      "product_name": "Mountings, fittings and similar articles: for motor vehicles, of base metal"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "830241",
      "product_name": "Mountings, fittings and similar articles: of base metal, suitable for buildings"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "830242",
      "product_name": "Mountings, fittings and similar articles: suitable for furniture of base metal"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "830249",
      "product_name": "Mountings, fittings and similar articles: suitable for other than buildings or furniture, of base metal"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "830250",
      "product_name": "Hat-racks, hat-pegs, brackets and similar fixtures, of base metal"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "830260",
      "product_name": "Automatic door closures: of base metal"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}