{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Tools, hand (HS4 8203) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for tools, hand at HS4 8203, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8203",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8203/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8203/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8203/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8203/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8203",
    "name": "Tools, hand"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The tools, hand subsector recorded $2.9B in reported global trade in 2024, with +1.1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2891679448.258847,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 1.0610989011161727,
    "activeExporters": 193,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 2.1787395642775653,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.991032518949345,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2891679448.258847,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 58.62068965517241,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1554.06851959304,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 549.2069655244138,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.386546669351328
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 838674821.0262096,
      "corridor_count": 3448,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 865281201.215253,
      "corridor_count": 3519,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 863459393.9533083,
      "corridor_count": 3579,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 854481012.5219007,
      "corridor_count": 3634,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 909486140.1586779,
      "corridor_count": 3892,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 944255273.7393293,
      "corridor_count": 4876,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 900259103.1273808,
      "corridor_count": 4973,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 895534571.5991167,
      "corridor_count": 5216,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 1017748620.217386,
      "corridor_count": 5313,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 1182205833.8402855,
      "corridor_count": 5530,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 1288963466.5834565,
      "corridor_count": 5752,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 1495045605.0704424,
      "corridor_count": 5994,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 1768996657.8028777,
      "corridor_count": 6269,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
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      "corridor_count": 6299,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 1462369892.6868727,
      "corridor_count": 6458,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 1823014337.6658914,
      "corridor_count": 6536,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 2150536145.193887,
      "corridor_count": 6744,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8203,
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      "corridor_count": 7032,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 2106700238.7167165,
      "corridor_count": 7037,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 2278531598.33791,
      "corridor_count": 7304,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
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      "corridor_count": 7301,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8203,
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      "corridor_count": 7413,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 2148187522.021156,
      "corridor_count": 7495,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 2295145461.147542,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 2266674269.270164,
      "corridor_count": 7579,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8203,
      "global_trade_usd": 2166399692.7897215,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
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      "importer_name": "Singapore"
    },
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      "corridor_rank": 9,
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      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.7424872358019075,
      "historical_peak_usd": 49152439.957803756,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 6.890393942856875,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -6.890393942856877,
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 881,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8203,
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      "importer_iso3": "USA",
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.196507328210442,
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 103,
      "import_partner_count": 48,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 41823365.18517566,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein"
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    {
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      "export_partner_count": 142,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Japan"
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    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 43831181.84433599,
      "export_partner_count": 174,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "India"
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    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 121767839.45084703,
      "trade_balance_usd": -54542441.98768775,
      "export_partner_count": 163,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
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      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "export_partner_count": 173,
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      "country_name": "Germany"
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    {
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      "country_iso3": "CAN",
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      "imports_usd": 125350685.2987445,
      "trade_balance_usd": -121166732.16519985,
      "export_partner_count": 135,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Canada"
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      "export_partner_count": 163,
      "import_partner_count": 100,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 94504816.64835677,
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      "export_partner_count": 155,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 92921863.52160224,
      "trade_balance_usd": -55601015.982257366,
      "export_partner_count": 98,
      "import_partner_count": 68,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 8203,
      "exports_usd": 29511492.882663473,
      "imports_usd": 72490198.87886335,
      "trade_balance_usd": -42978705.996199876,
      "export_partner_count": 132,
      "import_partner_count": 79,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
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      "imports_usd": 71054758.70794593,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25189606.473336264,
      "export_partner_count": 152,
      "import_partner_count": 63,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "RUS",
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      "exports_usd": 4802377.911545602,
      "imports_usd": 67132943.94502832,
      "trade_balance_usd": -62330566.033482715,
      "export_partner_count": 40,
      "import_partner_count": 41,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Russia"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "820310",
      "product_name": "Tools, hand: files, rasps and similar tools"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "820320",
      "product_name": "Tools, hand: pliers (including cutting pliers), pincers, tweezers and similar tools"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "820330",
      "product_name": "Tools, hand: metal cutting shears and similar tools"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "820340",
      "product_name": "Tools, hand: pipe-cutters, bolt croppers, perforating punches and similar tools"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}