{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:50.584Z",
  "title": "HS4 8108 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8108 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8108/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8108",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8108"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8108/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8108",
  "parentHs2": "81",
  "subsectorName": "Titanium",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8108",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 8588218585.056277,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 7583104657.187453,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 6566558112.987244,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 6450849459.10409,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 20.514886841895972,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 3.6168652491188613,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 4.536056748495909,
    "historical_peak_usd": 8588218585.056277,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 9.69553925660002,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.978830093400063,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1342.25297298907,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 1575.2392701013298,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.5146352826738162,
    "active_corridor_count": 3449,
    "active_exporter_count": 142,
    "active_importer_count": 183,
    "active_hs6_count": 3,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 8588218585.056277,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 3963459226.981196,
    "topFiveSharePct": 19.160232498774874,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "RUS",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Russia",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 375941165.4472858,
      "cagr3": 28.737864309361072,
      "cagr5": -0.5177578169819563,
      "cagr10": 6.062897799951328,
      "share": 4.377405648494243,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023955652598275864,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04883497429885057,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02154221402680774,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.027292760272042832,
      "distanceKm": 1614,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 417102717.7544896,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.868445002900195,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 20.514886841895972,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.6168652491188613,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 4.536056748495909,
    "latestYoyPct": 9.69553925660002,
    "trendLabel": "Rapid growth",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 8588218585.056277,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1342.25297298907,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1575.2392701013298,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5146352826738162,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Russia to Germany leads the reported HS4 8108 routes with $375.9M in 2024 and +28.7% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $8.6B in latest reported trade, with +20.5% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "RUS",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Russia",
      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "cagr3": 28.737864309361072,
      "cagr5": -0.5177578169819563,
      "cagr10": 6.062897799951328,
      "share": 4.377405648494243,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023955652598275864,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04883497429885057,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02154221402680774,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.027292760272042832,
      "distanceKm": 1614,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 417102717.7544896,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.868445002900195,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 367466122.19149643,
      "cagr3": 33.82048938151847,
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      "cagr10": 1.3918801441671569,
      "share": 4.2787234459879375,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": null,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5585,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 377390062.16928875,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
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      "importerIso3": "USA",
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      "cagr10": 6.780737173172402,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 332628274.6169008,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
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      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
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      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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    },
    {
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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    },
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    },
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      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.11546142325642833,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
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    },
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "RUS",
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      "exporterName": "Russia",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023955652598275864,
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      "distanceKm": 2494,
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    },
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      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
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      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 118491727.06658366,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
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      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
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      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "cagr3": 33.279881656330204,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 112012178.39937428,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
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      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
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      "value": 111814225.25512694,
      "cagr3": 39.84169980222625,
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