{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:47.781Z",
  "title": "HS4 7419 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 7419 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 7419",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "7419",
  "parentHs2": "74",
  "subsectorName": "Copper",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "7419",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 4610564829.003335,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 4568941448.464107,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 4390679905.124201,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 4110506838.2911134,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -0.10496861996590612,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 3.567109123582912,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 1.3121836219732952,
    "historical_peak_usd": 4653235381.60693,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0.9170082556378032,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 8.67772927354813,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.4171522419392013,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 907.7716796404948,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 433.7952782476966,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.3547185661236298,
    "active_corridor_count": 6414,
    "active_exporter_count": 164,
    "active_importer_count": 199,
    "active_hs6_count": 2,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 4610564829.003335,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 1556814650.0960548,
    "topFiveSharePct": 13.542436904269758,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 161968185.32972026,
      "cagr3": 2.1827269286557316,
      "cagr5": 1.8345153631874167,
      "cagr10": 0.24806043746548045,
      "share": 3.512979240869559,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 352786169.7719486,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2000,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 54.08885063878176,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.10496861996590612,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.567109123582912,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 1.3121836219732952,
    "latestYoyPct": 8.67772927354813,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 4653235381.60693,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.9170082556378032,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 907.7716796404948,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 433.7952782476966,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3547185661236298,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to Mexico leads the reported HS4 7419 routes with $162.0M in 2024 and +2.2% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $4.6B in latest reported trade, with -0.1% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 161968185.32972026,
      "cagr3": 2.1827269286557316,
      "cagr5": 1.8345153631874167,
      "cagr10": 0.24806043746548045,
      "share": 3.512979240869559,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 352786169.7719486,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2000,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 54.08885063878176,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 128754904.79002124,
      "cagr3": 11.196980467196148,
      "cagr5": 12.813881234104674,
      "cagr10": 21.003567711133186,
      "share": 2.7926058859442207,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29405095701191925,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.006877102784626263,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 128754904.79002124,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 127000669.63082092,
      "cagr3": 11.489712708383193,
      "cagr5": 23.18757633157851,
      "cagr10": 20.636831767892126,
      "share": 2.754557724292419,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 127000669.63082092,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 110673091.6379834,
      "cagr3": -2.230270528388234,
      "cagr5": 2.1236222658262527,
      "cagr10": 1.142719055501451,
      "share": 2.400423716889967,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 127817575.22744556,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.413244273296792,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "TWN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Taiwan",
      "value": 95985981.50968365,
      "cagr3": 3.921345955489275,
      "cagr5": 17.61810656827576,
      "cagr10": 6.261906306976961,
      "share": 2.081870336273591,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": null,
      "mfnTariffPct": null,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 2109,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 95985981.50968365,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "IND",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "India",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 87162910.16453387,
      "cagr3": -4.094447845699967,
      "cagr5": 4.104499600302902,
      "cagr10": 4.485768257674305,
      "share": 1.8905039490221387,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023682824094060608,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00971059566840404,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.037034158968565656,
      "distanceKm": 11771,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 104938913.89598054,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.939382228662023,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CZE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Czechia",
      "value": 70565673.49666154,
      "cagr3": 2.075718497390233,
      "cagr5": 5.864138430586974,
      "cagr10": 1.1285750320442656,
      "share": 1.53052122925936,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0260380708015873,
      "distanceKm": 280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 79987087.08337931,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.778668195401085,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "HUN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Hungary",
      "value": 60561156.54567129,
      "cagr3": -2.9617043384071673,
      "cagr5": 6.571189478482853,
      "cagr10": 5.4391523721947,
      "share": 1.3135300942891803,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08276851853292182,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.08276851853292182,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.08276851853292182,
      "distanceKm": 689,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 66277280.46776871,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.624560153576642,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 53632343.3300816,
      "cagr3": -3.770214770221869,
      "cagr5": 1.375274063647547,
      "cagr10": -1.530758955341216,
      "share": 1.163248871216399,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 65102828.39435591,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.619027233029932,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 51802980.55428846,
      "cagr3": -28.995645957921656,
      "cagr5": -12.994643275363115,
      "cagr10": -3.8049532990411694,
      "share": 1.1235712429074922,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 144710420.58437654,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 64.20231497835803,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "TWN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 50153697.29634458,
      "cagr3": -9.56888528738058,
      "cagr5": -2.065359330971106,
      "cagr10": -1.1638793728414476,
      "share": 1.0877994162634146,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": null,
      "mfnTariffPct": null,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12555,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 69009860.15302886,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 27.323867654377036,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 49625993.77143265,
      "cagr3": 2.4689287414488836,
      "cagr5": 5.561886812974448,
      "cagr10": 7.599887515776738,
      "share": 1.076353887472835,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1106,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 54073429.73435432,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.224808348149013,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 46139858.32870561,
      "cagr3": -2.356036290552699,
      "cagr5": 13.482255793883201,
      "cagr10": 15.642747217621999,
      "share": 1.0007419923575753,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.14177167863838386,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.1297884190808081,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.01621420555959599,
      "distanceKm": 867,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 52060829.23059212,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.373178240517175,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Poland",
      "value": 42503043.22834275,
      "cagr3": 3.850499953282016,
      "cagr5": 6.261078795885644,
      "cagr10": 10.518010886720797,
      "share": 0.921861958451859,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 42503043.22834275,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 41366377.64787689,
      "cagr3": -8.049168836301812,
      "cagr5": 0.383479361144512,
      "cagr10": 3.9640793926708495,
      "share": 0.8972084588781077,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 67215572.33994535,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.4571518060356,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 40975334.99526717,
      "cagr3": 42.03957020231677,
      "cagr5": 30.902908012288478,
      "cagr10": 20.20391691636283,
      "share": 0.8887270110053913,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
      "distanceKm": 3737,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 40975334.99526717,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 39790322.69859029,
      "cagr3": -0.013691708991314666,
      "cagr5": 4.28231365560281,
      "cagr10": -0.8903672433402177,
      "share": 0.8630249042001165,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 44265044.49251954,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 10.108928716168903,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 39286599.352108344,
      "cagr3": -3.407055500072431,
      "cagr5": 1.0139322206819346,
      "cagr10": 0.789571138798606,
      "share": 0.8520994890901669,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29886233885252517,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11092976862020201,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.19096898705858587,
      "distanceKm": 867,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 59713531.8327665,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 34.20821353837477,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 38725755.75435817,
      "cagr3": 20.65822753314881,
      "cagr5": 16.62532424025056,
      "cagr10": 9.736535891758846,
      "share": 0.8399351747696716,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 38725755.75435817,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 38332978.136865854,
      "cagr3": 0.2866707361759646,
      "cagr5": 5.383139128880332,
      "cagr10": 0.3404416464450888,
      "share": 0.8314160966944323,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 47972735.24177585,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2001,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.09424114828344,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 37956938.9041326,
      "cagr3": -4.85005173495664,
      "cagr5": 1.7247494962232546,
      "cagr10": 1.45658036357581,
      "share": 0.8232600627445845,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 44062132.42234107,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.855873927501799,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 37512786.89285158,
      "cagr3": 5.3201480294648995,
      "cagr5": 6.216777976549626,
      "cagr10": 3.4125706941199763,
      "share": 0.813626709180461,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 46307912.0809206,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 18.99270511851194,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 36442809.67981845,
      "cagr3": 4.051971731566484,
      "cagr5": 5.747305786958923,
      "cagr10": 1.4577442526281015,
      "share": 0.7904196347174298,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 36442809.67981845,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 35338697.640355535,
      "cagr3": 22.23971907207396,
      "cagr5": 9.666354713588966,
      "cagr10": 2.752602353966105,
      "share": 0.7664721991989579,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 35338697.640355535,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 34555558.77953781,
      "cagr3": -13.074648267145017,
      "cagr5": -4.280073218615854,
      "cagr10": -2.6132575078872566,
      "share": 0.7494864525526622,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29424774500464645,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30575456674545454,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.015630051277535358,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2901245154679192,
      "distanceKm": 4604,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 56304045.058069184,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.62686287655011,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 40975334.99526717,
      "cagr3": 42.03957020231677,
      "cagr5": 30.902908012288478,
      "cagr10": 20.20391691636283,
      "share": 0.8887270110053913,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
      "distanceKm": 3737,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 40975334.99526717,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 35338697.640355535,
      "cagr3": 22.23971907207396,
      "cagr5": 9.666354713588966,
      "cagr10": 2.752602353966105,
      "share": 0.7664721991989579,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 35338697.640355535,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 38725755.75435817,
      "cagr3": 20.65822753314881,
      "cagr5": 16.62532424025056,
      "cagr10": 9.736535891758846,
      "share": 0.8399351747696716,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 38725755.75435817,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 127000669.63082092,
      "cagr3": 11.489712708383193,
      "cagr5": 23.18757633157851,
      "cagr10": 20.636831767892126,
      "share": 2.754557724292419,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 127000669.63082092,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 128754904.79002124,
      "cagr3": 11.196980467196148,
      "cagr5": 12.813881234104674,
      "cagr10": 21.003567711133186,
      "share": 2.7926058859442207,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29405095701191925,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.006877102784626263,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 128754904.79002124,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 161968185.32972026,
          "cagr3": 2.1827269286557316,
          "cagr5": 1.8345153631874167,
          "cagr10": 0.24806043746548045,
          "share": 3.512979240869559,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 352786169.7719486,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2000,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 54.08885063878176,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 128754904.79002124,
          "cagr3": 11.196980467196148,
          "cagr5": 12.813881234104674,
          "cagr10": 21.003567711133186,
          "share": 2.7926058859442207,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29405095701191925,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.006877102784626263,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
          "distanceKm": 2887,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 128754904.79002124,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 127000669.63082092,
          "cagr3": 11.489712708383193,
          "cagr5": 23.18757633157851,
          "cagr10": 20.636831767892126,
          "share": 2.754557724292419,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
          "distanceKm": 2732,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 127000669.63082092,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CZE",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Czechia",
          "value": 70565673.49666154,
          "cagr3": 2.075718497390233,
          "cagr5": 5.864138430586974,
          "cagr10": 1.1285750320442656,
          "share": 1.53052122925936,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0260380708015873,
          "distanceKm": 280,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 79987087.08337931,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.778668195401085,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "HUN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Hungary",
          "value": 60561156.54567129,
          "cagr3": -2.9617043384071673,
          "cagr5": 6.571189478482853,
          "cagr10": 5.4391523721947,
          "share": 1.3135300942891803,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08276851853292182,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.08276851853292182,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.08276851853292182,
          "distanceKm": 689,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 66277280.46776871,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.624560153576642,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 53632343.3300816,
          "cagr3": -3.770214770221869,
          "cagr5": 1.375274063647547,
          "cagr10": -1.530758955341216,
          "share": 1.163248871216399,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 65102828.39435591,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.619027233029932,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 49625993.77143265,
          "cagr3": 2.4689287414488836,
          "cagr5": 5.561886812974448,
          "cagr10": 7.599887515776738,
          "share": 1.076353887472835,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1106,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 54073429.73435432,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.224808348149013,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "KOR",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
          "value": 46139858.32870561,
          "cagr3": -2.356036290552699,
          "cagr5": 13.482255793883201,
          "cagr10": 15.642747217621999,
          "share": 1.0007419923575753,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.14177167863838386,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.1297884190808081,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.01621420555959599,
          "distanceKm": 867,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 52060829.23059212,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.373178240517175,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "POL",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Poland",
          "value": 42503043.22834275,
          "cagr3": 3.850499953282016,
          "cagr5": 6.261078795885644,
          "cagr10": 10.518010886720797,
          "share": 0.921861958451859,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
          "distanceKm": 518,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 42503043.22834275,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MYS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Malaysia",
          "value": 40975334.99526717,
          "cagr3": 42.03957020231677,
          "cagr5": 30.902908012288478,
          "cagr10": 20.20391691636283,
          "share": 0.8887270110053913,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
          "distanceKm": 3737,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 40975334.99526717,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 39286599.352108344,
          "cagr3": -3.407055500072431,
          "cagr5": 1.0139322206819346,
          "cagr10": 0.789571138798606,
          "share": 0.8520994890901669,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29886233885252517,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11092976862020201,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.19096898705858587,
          "distanceKm": 867,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 59713531.8327665,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 34.20821353837477,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 38332978.136865854,
          "cagr3": 0.2866707361759646,
          "cagr5": 5.383139128880332,
          "cagr10": 0.3404416464450888,
          "share": 0.8314160966944323,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 47972735.24177585,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2001,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.09424114828344,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "MEX",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Mexico",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 36442809.67981845,
          "cagr3": 4.051971731566484,
          "cagr5": 5.747305786958923,
          "cagr10": 1.4577442526281015,
          "share": 0.7904196347174298,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 36442809.67981845,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 35338697.640355535,
          "cagr3": 22.23971907207396,
          "cagr5": 9.666354713588966,
          "cagr10": 2.752602353966105,
          "share": 0.7664721991989579,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 935,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 35338697.640355535,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 34555558.77953781,
          "cagr3": -13.074648267145017,
          "cagr5": -4.280073218615854,
          "cagr10": -2.6132575078872566,
          "share": 0.7494864525526622,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29424774500464645,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30575456674545454,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.015630051277535358,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2901245154679192,
          "distanceKm": 4604,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 56304045.058069184,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.62686287655011,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        }
      ],
      "count": 15,
      "value": 965683807.0354112,
      "averageCagr": 5.0875226581393465,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.10841744072618914,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.08764511287157592
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 110673091.6379834,
          "cagr3": -2.230270528388234,
          "cagr5": 2.1236222658262527,
          "cagr10": 1.142719055501451,
          "share": 2.400423716889967,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 127817575.22744556,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.413244273296792,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "TWN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Taiwan",
          "value": 95985981.50968365,
          "cagr3": 3.921345955489275,
          "cagr5": 17.61810656827576,
          "cagr10": 6.261906306976961,
          "share": 2.081870336273591,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": null,
          "mfnTariffPct": null,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 2109,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 95985981.50968365,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "IND",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "India",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 87162910.16453387,
          "cagr3": -4.094447845699967,
          "cagr5": 4.104499600302902,
          "cagr10": 4.485768257674305,
          "share": 1.8905039490221387,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.023682824094060608,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00971059566840404,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.037034158968565656,
          "distanceKm": 11771,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 104938913.89598054,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.939382228662023,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 51802980.55428846,
          "cagr3": -28.995645957921656,
          "cagr5": -12.994643275363115,
          "cagr10": -3.8049532990411694,
          "share": 1.1235712429074922,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 144710420.58437654,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 64.20231497835803,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "TWN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Taiwan",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 50153697.29634458,
          "cagr3": -9.56888528738058,
          "cagr5": -2.065359330971106,
          "cagr10": -1.1638793728414476,
          "share": 1.0877994162634146,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": null,
          "mfnTariffPct": null,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12555,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 69009860.15302886,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 27.323867654377036,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 41366377.64787689,
          "cagr3": -8.049168836301812,
          "cagr5": 0.383479361144512,
          "cagr10": 3.9640793926708495,
          "share": 0.8972084588781077,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6907,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 67215572.33994535,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.4571518060356,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 39790322.69859029,
          "cagr3": -0.013691708991314666,
          "cagr5": 4.28231365560281,
          "cagr10": -0.8903672433402177,
          "share": 0.8630249042001165,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 44265044.49251954,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 10.108928716168903,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 38725755.75435817,
          "cagr3": 20.65822753314881,
          "cagr5": 16.62532424025056,
          "cagr10": 9.736535891758846,
          "share": 0.8399351747696716,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12928,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 38725755.75435817,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 37956938.9041326,
          "cagr3": -4.85005173495664,
          "cagr5": 1.7247494962232546,
          "cagr10": 1.45658036357581,
          "share": 0.8232600627445845,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 44062132.42234107,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.855873927501799,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 37512786.89285158,
          "cagr3": 5.3201480294648995,
          "cagr5": 6.216777976549626,
          "cagr10": 3.4125706941199763,
          "share": 0.813626709180461,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 46307912.0809206,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 18.99270511851194,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        }
      ],
      "count": 10,
      "value": 591130843.0606434,
      "averageCagr": -2.7902440381537224,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.11501514887487728,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.0305764569299303
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 53632343.3300816,
      "cagr3": -3.770214770221869,
      "cagr5": 1.375274063647547,
      "cagr10": -1.530758955341216,
      "share": 1.163248871216399,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 65102828.39435591,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.619027233029932,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 128754904.79002124,
      "cagr3": 11.196980467196148,
      "cagr5": 12.813881234104674,
      "cagr10": 21.003567711133186,
      "share": 2.7926058859442207,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29405095701191925,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.006877102784626263,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 128754904.79002124,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 7419 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=7419",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/74"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Copper in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=7419",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/74",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/74",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=7419",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7419",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/74",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/74",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}