{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Copper (HS4 7415) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for copper at HS4 7415, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7415",
  "publisher": {
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7415/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7415/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7415/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7415/index.ld.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7415",
    "name": "Copper"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The copper subsector recorded $1.4B in reported global trade in 2024, with +0.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1433823246.5216498,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 0.46899165245378305,
    "activeExporters": 175,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.41746463700967906,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.772724408858031,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1602759340.7524953,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1007.2155669692811,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 459.01963077872404,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4662988548922062
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 301869716.6494267,
      "corridor_count": 2011,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 293415710.87252605,
      "corridor_count": 2123,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 314237886.69258416,
      "corridor_count": 2124,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 339843937.9588003,
      "corridor_count": 2203,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 366250836.462915,
      "corridor_count": 2302,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 397617888.09048325,
      "corridor_count": 3134,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 374869055.68262684,
      "corridor_count": 3253,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 359125236.14048535,
      "corridor_count": 3360,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 450357986.9178245,
      "corridor_count": 3478,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 542927111.8197869,
      "corridor_count": 3653,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 7415,
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      "corridor_count": 3871,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2006,
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      "global_trade_usd": 738044255.3652649,
      "corridor_count": 4094,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 912564677.5477393,
      "corridor_count": 4273,
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    },
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      "year": 2008,
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      "corridor_count": 4310,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 683797427.836563,
      "corridor_count": 4445,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 893754333.6273452,
      "corridor_count": 4555,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 1055882723.882665,
      "corridor_count": 4813,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 1012047694.422858,
      "corridor_count": 5025,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 1089899493.8184824,
      "corridor_count": 5048,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1135345796.5988588,
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    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 7415,
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    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 991711170.8949022,
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    },
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      "year": 2017,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1083365138.1386232,
      "corridor_count": 5490,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 7415,
      "global_trade_usd": 1213381213.080412,
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    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 7415,
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    },
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      "year": 2020,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1071206773.5433477,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Thailand"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7415,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 17651512.025387295,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22520904.340348363,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 22244453.920476083,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22415309.505661704,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.639685389876064,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.1707384294575194,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.9281800761180263,
      "historical_peak_usd": 26352494.727111567,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 33.01768121699939,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -26.57486004803935,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.711505313758037,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 674,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04288606249130865,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.0587826368271605,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.019574648181838888,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7415,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
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      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 16484037.958338028,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 16310768.05789596,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14390520.316631708,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 13172722.77899853,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.707530179770217,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.669183320351536,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.5112162660470654,
      "historical_peak_usd": 22574581.55336883,
      "historical_peak_year": 2010,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 26.97965222802503,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 5.411420205787354,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.218746445817281,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1763,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019320016547984244,
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      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Japan"
    }
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    {
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      "export_partner_count": 189,
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      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
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      "country_iso3": "USA",
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      "trade_balance_usd": -11576096.190623462,
      "export_partner_count": 162,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
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      "exports_usd": 124584257.55247465,
      "imports_usd": 27984404.36539089,
      "trade_balance_usd": 96599853.18708375,
      "export_partner_count": 143,
      "import_partner_count": 51,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TWN",
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      "exports_usd": 97127320.16178983,
      "imports_usd": 3998415.1875883425,
      "trade_balance_usd": 93128904.97420149,
      "export_partner_count": 124,
      "import_partner_count": 46,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IND",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 71042588.62265794,
      "imports_usd": 32144572.870433096,
      "trade_balance_usd": 38898015.75222485,
      "export_partner_count": 157,
      "import_partner_count": 65,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 52087307.23223438,
      "imports_usd": 29448482.521851227,
      "trade_balance_usd": 22638824.710383154,
      "export_partner_count": 127,
      "import_partner_count": 60,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 51789269.13579151,
      "imports_usd": 49851370.16703057,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1937898.9687609375,
      "export_partner_count": 151,
      "import_partner_count": 77,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
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      "exports_usd": 50848497.8003016,
      "imports_usd": 31758636.30174969,
      "trade_balance_usd": 19089861.498551905,
      "export_partner_count": 135,
      "import_partner_count": 49,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 32731948.992184214,
      "imports_usd": 49205796.836203106,
      "trade_balance_usd": -16473847.844018891,
      "export_partner_count": 148,
      "import_partner_count": 63,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 128229564.15145108,
      "imports_usd": 139805660.34207454,
      "trade_balance_usd": -11576096.190623462,
      "export_partner_count": 162,
      "import_partner_count": 76,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
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      "exports_usd": 244691542.61533082,
      "imports_usd": 131618322.29479045,
      "trade_balance_usd": 113073220.32054037,
      "export_partner_count": 167,
      "import_partner_count": 75,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 19323331.36764022,
      "imports_usd": 110468971.05148576,
      "trade_balance_usd": -91145639.68384555,
      "export_partner_count": 84,
      "import_partner_count": 57,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 250486975.2657946,
      "imports_usd": 69426758.33878462,
      "trade_balance_usd": 181060216.92701,
      "export_partner_count": 189,
      "import_partner_count": 76,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 14869218.053128917,
      "imports_usd": 61625570.97895014,
      "trade_balance_usd": -46756352.92582123,
      "export_partner_count": 113,
      "import_partner_count": 61,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "VNM",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 7924853.500647845,
      "imports_usd": 56377434.81880883,
      "trade_balance_usd": -48452581.31816099,
      "export_partner_count": 77,
      "import_partner_count": 51,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 51789269.13579151,
      "imports_usd": 49851370.16703057,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1937898.9687609375,
      "export_partner_count": 151,
      "import_partner_count": 77,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 32731948.992184214,
      "imports_usd": 49205796.836203106,
      "trade_balance_usd": -16473847.844018891,
      "export_partner_count": 148,
      "import_partner_count": 63,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CZE",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 12307627.340984005,
      "imports_usd": 47131741.19012246,
      "trade_balance_usd": -34824113.84913845,
      "export_partner_count": 112,
      "import_partner_count": 61,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Czechia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IDN",
      "hs4": 7415,
      "exports_usd": 2002058.2004108555,
      "imports_usd": 39987795.37905403,
      "trade_balance_usd": -37985737.178643174,
      "export_partner_count": 71,
      "import_partner_count": 68,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Indonesia"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "741510",
      "product_name": "Copper: nails and tacks, drawing pins, staples and similar articles of copper, or of iron or steel with copper heads"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "741521",
      "product_name": "Copper: washers, (including spring washers), not threaded"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "741529",
      "product_name": "Copper: rivets, cotters, cotter-pins and similar articles, not threaded"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "741531",
      "product_name": "Copper: screws for wood, threaded"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "741532",
      "product_name": "Copper: screws (excluding screws for wood), bolts and nuts, threaded"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "741533",
      "product_name": "Copper: screws, bolts and nuts, threaded"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "741539",
      "product_name": "Copper: articles n.e.s. in heading no. 7415"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}