{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:47.884Z",
  "title": "HS4 7415 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 7415 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7415/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 7415",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7415"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7415/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "7415",
  "parentHs2": "74",
  "subsectorName": "Copper",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "7415",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 1433823246.5216498,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 1491197250.38488,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 1399345973.0407848,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 1244146202.3420334,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -0.41746463700967906,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 4.772724408858031,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 2.3615246774365994,
    "historical_peak_usd": 1602759340.7524953,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 10.540328166269179,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 0.46899165245378305,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.7789893144462785,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1007.2155669692811,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 459.01963077872404,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.4662988548922062,
    "active_corridor_count": 6375,
    "active_exporter_count": 175,
    "active_importer_count": 199,
    "active_hs6_count": 5,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1433823246.5216498,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 497847915.2336087,
    "topFiveSharePct": 13.054774719690766,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 63630966.65775761,
      "cagr3": 3.0982096468405107,
      "cagr5": 2.3912300821457677,
      "cagr10": 1.5436957589402667,
      "share": 4.43785290914495,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 66436227.62574988,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.222486839251214,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.41746463700967906,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.772724408858031,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 2.3615246774365994,
    "latestYoyPct": 0.46899165245378305,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1602759340.7524953,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 10.540328166269179,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1007.2155669692811,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 459.01963077872404,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4662988548922062,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to Mexico leads the reported HS4 7415 routes with $63.6M in 2024 and +3.1% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $1.4B in latest reported trade, with -0.4% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 63630966.65775761,
      "cagr3": 3.0982096468405107,
      "cagr5": 2.3912300821457677,
      "cagr10": 1.5436957589402667,
      "share": 4.43785290914495,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 66436227.62574988,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.222486839251214,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "TWN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 35742995.74223183,
      "cagr3": -5.817301346929593,
      "cagr5": 1.4608050301795572,
      "cagr10": 2.432112519262386,
      "share": 2.492845323085793,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "mfnTariffPct": null,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12555,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 60036609.7879757,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 40.46466669510286,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
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      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 41104700.5581689,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Poland",
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      "share": 1.940981413302503,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 29738987.70046585,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
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      "cagr3": 5.091444432725845,
      "cagr5": 21.273776076726712,
      "cagr10": 21.996127613326365,
      "share": 1.7027508077267672,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 24414436.911521547,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CZE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Czechia",
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      "cagr3": -17.454249666789845,
      "cagr5": -5.342738012797421,
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      "distanceKm": 280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 40516902.222511165,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 17651512.025387295,
      "cagr3": -11.639685389876064,
      "cagr5": -2.1707384294575194,
      "cagr10": -3.9281800761180263,
      "share": 1.231080055941942,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 26352494.727111567,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 22574581.55336883,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2010,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 16318304.670024864,
      "cagr3": 1.4798863232921677,
      "cagr5": 1.5376636294928803,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
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      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ROU",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Romania",
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "IND",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "India",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.037034158968565656,
      "distanceKm": 11771,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 17015744.776876513,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "cagr3": -8.671697337383922,
      "cagr5": -1.486027547748725,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 18982864.42163855,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.824351690705107,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 14217978.67584575,
      "cagr3": -4.422740690014971,
      "cagr5": 1.15783153889073,
      "cagr10": 1.46035169891221,
      "share": 0.9916130673942918,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 17227931.545297194,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.471353781139722,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 14132464.082827931,
      "cagr3": -1.502998408308498,
      "cagr5": 7.70840683139391,
      "cagr10": 2.667370440765282,
      "share": 0.9856489715250645,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019524322693477366,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0166649603067814,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04211767652037909,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 17846885.09743346,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.81271322321504,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
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