{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Copper (HS4 7413) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for copper at HS4 7413, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7413",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7413/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7413/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7413/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7413/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7413",
    "name": "Copper"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The copper subsector recorded $2.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +3.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2821591957.25894,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 3.4855895269067627,
    "activeExporters": 141,
    "activeImporters": 194,
    "activeHs6Products": 1
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.955065020676618,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 9.793936214807996,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2821591957.25894,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 65.51724137931035,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1018.4854461866546,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 419.96933107551143,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.557428417633695
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 371608829.3780008,
      "corridor_count": 1419,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 364864008.5199283,
      "corridor_count": 1452,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 415035971.2288723,
      "corridor_count": 1527,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 386821324.54873735,
      "corridor_count": 1497,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 424304574.6816933,
      "corridor_count": 1605,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 491823551.43783903,
      "corridor_count": 1961,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 448938549.99354404,
      "corridor_count": 2028,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 468519929.92800367,
      "corridor_count": 1955,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 491537271.7734548,
      "corridor_count": 2037,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 745492827.3781244,
      "corridor_count": 2110,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 952929100.2209578,
      "corridor_count": 2233,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1432634649.1027315,
      "corridor_count": 2368,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1691854596.8182166,
      "corridor_count": 2583,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1674338205.8048496,
      "corridor_count": 2580,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 985323221.1942592,
      "corridor_count": 2625,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1611603338.661429,
      "corridor_count": 2693,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1972392324.121596,
      "corridor_count": 2763,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1881617061.842632,
      "corridor_count": 2917,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1933708503.6925888,
      "corridor_count": 2906,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1954862706.0312335,
      "corridor_count": 2995,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1730157403.0950162,
      "corridor_count": 3021,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1615407111.5294325,
      "corridor_count": 2950,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1771550739.5983915,
      "corridor_count": 2996,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 2037571034.6638331,
      "corridor_count": 3082,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1768489284.1492507,
      "corridor_count": 3195,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 1614762109.132797,
      "corridor_count": 3004,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 2511639159.237796,
      "corridor_count": 3063,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 2712528381.0113964,
      "corridor_count": 3203,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 2726555426.8551693,
      "corridor_count": 3315,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 7413,
      "global_trade_usd": 2821591957.25894,
      "corridor_count": 3314,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    }
  ],
  "corridors": [
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "USA",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 222510741.01016217,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 217994589.2800069,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 193227778.29726377,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 218949573.72688174,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.69894168234615,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.1708485880999486,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.3174619176031586,
      "historical_peak_usd": 281307704.33167315,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 20.90129861931793,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -5.093760808899006,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.016403599949308,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3359,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1311842474462,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importer_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "USA",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 147186376.42116988,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 158137303.15685472,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 146707469.50275916,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 121012213.38157384,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.4548415916397346,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.162852044398129,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.012436350746394,
      "historical_peak_usd": 170930769.5269374,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 13.89123396067411,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -5.827698187712061,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.467277942386128,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 556,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "SAU",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "first_data_year": 2018,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 7,
      "exports_latest_usd": 140387615.15699998,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 102668228.189,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 63289933.40459999,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 45256924.014142856,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 170.46371286139964,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 263.02591838048806,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "historical_peak_usd": 140387615.15699998,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 68.21948112932972,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 83.33333333333333,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 985,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": null,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Saudi Arabia",
      "importer_name": "Iraq"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 127228760.84751472,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 129553275.55217521,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 116725754.8973979,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 95557287.39466697,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.8133208324885288,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.43834370352681,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.70774742315281,
      "historical_peak_usd": 134260793.240553,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 5.237591871246499,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 0.045992100099745414,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.894426590664281,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1377,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.041587624425541425,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.05920413126868687,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.007416302846205456,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05178782842248142,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Turkey",
      "importer_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 74104810.86679335,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 78906941.35340263,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 75799797.34617169,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 64507172.77434566,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.147606003166615,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.650755607490866,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.452343626985545,
      "historical_peak_usd": 84146781.7012671,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 11.933873918225599,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -7.988007894946925,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.59994963015216,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1053,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 67584606.33390927,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 54895102.9013572,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 47825060.639470264,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28385794.22712903,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.056440240964703,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 35.57561179498532,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 23.007656664874943,
      "historical_peak_usd": 67584606.33390927,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 40.23546187011979,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.95121642391024,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1366,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "SAU",
      "importer_iso3": "YEM",
      "first_data_year": 1996,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 26,
      "exports_latest_usd": 63938298.0336407,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 59173626.73903593,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 48791272.85661699,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 24950851.911945414,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.96470089772739,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 63.07252349507559,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 116.57621867179225,
      "historical_peak_usd": 63938298.0336407,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 14.1820408148436,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -102.61151777406485,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1066,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10596603706666664,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.10596603706666664,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Saudi Arabia",
      "importer_name": "Former Arab Republic of Yemen"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 59757717.75621547,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 56427238.7670429,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 53874904.72757759,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 47672490.42477985,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.4000907465089316,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.036412514350163,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.9168728051228285,
      "historical_peak_usd": 64275544.01524242,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 7.02884172859834,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 6.169871794555037,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.31696355163176,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 2504,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": null,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Turkey",
      "importer_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "first_data_year": 1998,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 26,
      "exports_latest_usd": 59729721.03375912,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 56042345.50236165,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 50360723.758492924,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 37426189.8122473,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.203258662236076,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.033784775241351,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 40.45872279768954,
      "historical_peak_usd": 59729721.03375912,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 2.7221235369086827,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -36.255464135453465,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1385,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10925768466212123,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1409669518989899,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.014062550678525252,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.12690440122046465,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Turkey",
      "importer_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7413,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SWE",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 57318612.12213241,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 45545176.08204019,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 38960034.93045392,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 36352163.35997908,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.348108362947823,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.149733500229656,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.21403080692546,
      "historical_peak_usd": 57318612.12213241,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 24.794888337095465,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.134077556022362,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 811,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.020404016485596706,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.020404016485596706,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.020404016485596706,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Sweden"
    }
  ],
  "exporters": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 560467835.5963576,
      "imports_usd": 22788295.183558784,
      "trade_balance_usd": 537679540.4127988,
      "export_partner_count": 111,
      "import_partner_count": 47,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Turkey"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 409757773.0694326,
      "imports_usd": 75797002.67048436,
      "trade_balance_usd": 333960770.39894825,
      "export_partner_count": 136,
      "import_partner_count": 51,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 394094518.5980356,
      "imports_usd": 208054978.18544164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 186039540.41259393,
      "export_partner_count": 119,
      "import_partner_count": 60,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 253441772.5225951,
      "imports_usd": 9385619.85884295,
      "trade_balance_usd": 244056152.66375217,
      "export_partner_count": 41,
      "import_partner_count": 51,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 246588696.52585956,
      "imports_usd": 71581788.46838686,
      "trade_balance_usd": 175006908.0574727,
      "export_partner_count": 98,
      "import_partner_count": 41,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 99702721.38648714,
      "imports_usd": 79908026.27537012,
      "trade_balance_usd": 19794695.11111702,
      "export_partner_count": 174,
      "import_partner_count": 47,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "BGR",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 94039417.49589221,
      "imports_usd": 31259647.465658285,
      "trade_balance_usd": 62779770.03023393,
      "export_partner_count": 32,
      "import_partner_count": 29,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Bulgaria"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 81131801.590049,
      "imports_usd": 178211058.82600528,
      "trade_balance_usd": -97079257.23595628,
      "export_partner_count": 124,
      "import_partner_count": 57,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 71951864.18869454,
      "imports_usd": 244301345.93678302,
      "trade_balance_usd": -172349481.74808848,
      "export_partner_count": 92,
      "import_partner_count": 36,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 69585803.4690035,
      "imports_usd": 100860338.03251183,
      "trade_balance_usd": -31274534.56350833,
      "export_partner_count": 85,
      "import_partner_count": 41,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 14711696.72259444,
      "imports_usd": 264100683.3720696,
      "trade_balance_usd": -249388986.64947516,
      "export_partner_count": 54,
      "import_partner_count": 61,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 71951864.18869454,
      "imports_usd": 244301345.93678302,
      "trade_balance_usd": -172349481.74808848,
      "export_partner_count": 92,
      "import_partner_count": 36,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 394094518.5980356,
      "imports_usd": 208054978.18544164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 186039540.41259393,
      "export_partner_count": 119,
      "import_partner_count": 60,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 81131801.590049,
      "imports_usd": 178211058.82600528,
      "trade_balance_usd": -97079257.23595628,
      "export_partner_count": 124,
      "import_partner_count": 57,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 6428898.617757842,
      "imports_usd": 152251499.37395015,
      "trade_balance_usd": -145822600.75619233,
      "export_partner_count": 55,
      "import_partner_count": 39,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 7913451,
      "imports_usd": 141880347.0803151,
      "trade_balance_usd": -133966896.08031511,
      "export_partner_count": 1,
      "import_partner_count": 17,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Iraq"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 25142135.983546708,
      "imports_usd": 114182781.70305365,
      "trade_balance_usd": -89040645.71950695,
      "export_partner_count": 119,
      "import_partner_count": 46,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 69585803.4690035,
      "imports_usd": 100860338.03251183,
      "trade_balance_usd": -31274534.56350833,
      "export_partner_count": 85,
      "import_partner_count": 41,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUT",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 12020852.078137027,
      "imports_usd": 89890373.98004936,
      "trade_balance_usd": -77869521.90191233,
      "export_partner_count": 69,
      "import_partner_count": 42,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Austria"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 7413,
      "exports_usd": 99702721.38648714,
      "imports_usd": 79908026.27537012,
      "trade_balance_usd": 19794695.11111702,
      "export_partner_count": 174,
      "import_partner_count": 47,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "China"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "741300",
      "product_name": "Copper: stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, not electrically insulated"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}