{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Copper (HS4 7411) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for copper at HS4 7411, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
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    "sameAs": [
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  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7411/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7411/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7411/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7411",
    "name": "Copper"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The copper subsector recorded $9.9B in reported global trade in 2024, with +0.9% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 9862235827.614521,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 0.9254790331560236,
    "activeExporters": 140,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 1.8711979774574061,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 8.56333726053089,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 10250986673.314268,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 51.724137931034484,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1177.5621631938086,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 603.5463163451296,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.45247785916734906
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2711989951.567223,
      "corridor_count": 2249,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2540592829.433611,
      "corridor_count": 2295,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2410844643.429978,
      "corridor_count": 2237,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2204730643.8423977,
      "corridor_count": 2332,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2236638510.3855586,
      "corridor_count": 2543,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2471587987.820189,
      "corridor_count": 2974,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2358551071.0625143,
      "corridor_count": 3066,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2261909922.394709,
      "corridor_count": 3189,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 2607748742.867893,
      "corridor_count": 3195,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7411,
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      "corridor_count": 3235,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2005,
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      "corridor_count": 3401,
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      "year": 2006,
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    },
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      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7411,
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      "corridor_count": 3620,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2008,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 5003123618.59999,
      "corridor_count": 3674,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 6872802358.823394,
      "corridor_count": 3605,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7411,
      "global_trade_usd": 8106430484.80245,
      "corridor_count": 3768,
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    },
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      "year": 2012,
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      "global_trade_usd": 7066620237.079637,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4
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      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7411,
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      "corridor_count": 3969,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "global_trade_usd": 6660628199.309389,
      "corridor_count": 4024,
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      "year": 2015,
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      "year": 2016,
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      "year": 2017,
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      "global_trade_usd": 6018648315.61134,
      "corridor_count": 4109,
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      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 6802498502.807812,
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      "year": 2020,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -244182137.6083361,
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    },
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      "country_name": "Mexico"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "741110",
      "product_name": "Copper: tubes and pipes, of refined copper"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "741121",
      "product_name": "Copper: tubes and pipes, of copper-zinc base alloys (brass)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "741122",
      "product_name": "Copper: tubes and pipes, of copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel silver)"
    },
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      "hs_code": "741129",
      "product_name": "Copper: tubes and pipes, of copper alloys (other than copper-zinc, copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel-silver))"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}