{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Copper (HS4 7408) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for copper at HS4 7408, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7408",
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    "sameAs": [
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  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7408/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7408/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7408/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7408",
    "name": "Copper"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The copper subsector recorded $29.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +1.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 29835972811.794662,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 1.3943572008097391,
    "activeExporters": 143,
    "activeImporters": 197,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 2.858284041544068,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 10.286563634694911,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 29835972811.794662,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 58.62068965517241,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 965.1465900065465,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 492.57324593733773,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5406007269691515
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 4756863341.5982685,
      "corridor_count": 2053,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 4363591064.999076,
      "corridor_count": 2135,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 4492333703.738591,
      "corridor_count": 2127,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 3912195444.607737,
      "corridor_count": 2171,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 4215405118.056823,
      "corridor_count": 2270,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 5186823731.213692,
      "corridor_count": 2587,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 4657686299.406348,
      "corridor_count": 2658,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 4800120938.954663,
      "corridor_count": 2721,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 5371874772.78006,
      "corridor_count": 2708,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 8998132013.942488,
      "corridor_count": 2863,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 11119677958.774704,
      "corridor_count": 2901,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 20272664089.54566,
      "corridor_count": 3012,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 22833199432.756058,
      "corridor_count": 3117,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 22770253533.73114,
      "corridor_count": 3188,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 12540184312.923582,
      "corridor_count": 3177,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 19531720220.22375,
      "corridor_count": 3198,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 23903961353.389965,
      "corridor_count": 3203,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 21248580868.2398,
      "corridor_count": 3353,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 21307253530.92468,
      "corridor_count": 3342,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 20954874692.24819,
      "corridor_count": 3389,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
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      "global_trade_usd": 16638149342.361012,
      "corridor_count": 3394,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 14967179220.101671,
      "corridor_count": 3342,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 18012526587.62515,
      "corridor_count": 3346,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 20755641399.572,
      "corridor_count": 3365,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 18286356316.830246,
      "corridor_count": 3408,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 16793609719.577593,
      "corridor_count": 3251,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
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      "global_trade_usd": 27417154429.944736,
      "corridor_count": 3385,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
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    {
      "year": 2022,
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    },
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      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 7408,
      "global_trade_usd": 26681274041.35925,
      "corridor_count": 3511,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Canada",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "importer_name": "Czechia"
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    },
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      "export_partner_count": 59,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "740811",
      "product_name": "Copper: wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 6mm"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "740819",
      "product_name": "Copper: wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension is 6mm or less"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "740821",
      "product_name": "Copper: wire, of copper-zinc base alloys (brass)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "740822",
      "product_name": "Copper: wire, of copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel silver)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "740829",
      "product_name": "Copper: wire, of copper alloys (other than copper-zinc base alloys, copper-nickel base alloys or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys)"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}