{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Iron or steel (HS4 7320) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for iron or steel at HS4 7320, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7320",
  "publisher": {
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7320/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7320/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7320/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7320",
    "name": "Iron or steel"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The iron or steel subsector recorded $8.1B in reported global trade in 2024, with +1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 8073137886.393673,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 1.0265011649156202,
    "activeExporters": 182,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 3
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 0.8423830196006676,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.554890760540096,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 8073137886.393673,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 75.86206896551724,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 996.6875680976149,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 719.0882338881066,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3861375316430153
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 2068620583.7364602,
      "corridor_count": 3388,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 2157118467.43256,
      "corridor_count": 3531,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 2198790377.2680745,
      "corridor_count": 3540,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 2420206384.593525,
      "corridor_count": 3598,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 2694877242.3826094,
      "corridor_count": 3915,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 2813250411.452915,
      "corridor_count": 5235,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 2577794706.697409,
      "corridor_count": 5394,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 2824695028.0618496,
      "corridor_count": 5591,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 3261206874.5804496,
      "corridor_count": 5702,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 3945204354.351876,
      "corridor_count": 5895,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 4454805723.889493,
      "corridor_count": 6163,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 4928704757.964146,
      "corridor_count": 6436,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 5631924127.972617,
      "corridor_count": 6678,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 6053858928.472351,
      "corridor_count": 6758,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 4313677891.535944,
      "corridor_count": 6929,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 5615076768.353952,
      "corridor_count": 7017,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 6596390935.927278,
      "corridor_count": 7383,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 6461643429.982271,
      "corridor_count": 7700,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 6715999966.915696,
      "corridor_count": 7518,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 7045823568.792638,
      "corridor_count": 7818,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 6327739507.754653,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 6367547137.665886,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 6823806589.8766365,
      "corridor_count": 8151,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 7452006019.018788,
      "corridor_count": 8225,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 7320,
      "global_trade_usd": 7116402250.942942,
      "corridor_count": 8431,
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    },
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      "year": 2020,
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      "global_trade_usd": 6342548333.243447,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 181127859.11545047,
      "trade_balance_usd": -73420870.98874536,
      "export_partner_count": 116,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "732010",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: leaf-springs and leaves therefor"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732020",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: helical springs and leaves for springs"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732090",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: springs n.e.c. in heading no. 7320"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}