{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Iron or steel (HS4 7319) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for iron or steel at HS4 7319, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7319",
  "publisher": {
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
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  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7319/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7319/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7319/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7319",
    "name": "Iron or steel"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The iron or steel subsector recorded $370.2M in reported global trade in 2024, with -2.8% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 370197266.6307756,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -2.7807489459644676,
    "activeExporters": 162,
    "activeImporters": 197,
    "activeHs6Products": 2
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.0417145796993506,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.5333359975266543,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 405900047.5676771,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 58.62068965517241,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2340.0772635453477,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 425.1395065464186,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.23738045433202748
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 201145566.43206385,
      "corridor_count": 2173,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 191484648.78752014,
      "corridor_count": 2296,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 185273397.59663913,
      "corridor_count": 2261,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 173253363.29646936,
      "corridor_count": 2289,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 184297483.8562915,
      "corridor_count": 2525,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 220693779.1461207,
      "corridor_count": 3186,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 192090341.6881321,
      "corridor_count": 3198,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 195829943.16529644,
      "corridor_count": 3286,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 224008589.40188998,
      "corridor_count": 3308,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 255654971.42167208,
      "corridor_count": 3442,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 252020315.7264905,
      "corridor_count": 3534,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 269589803.3009074,
      "corridor_count": 3676,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 289469789.56897736,
      "corridor_count": 3642,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 306420369.07845217,
      "corridor_count": 3733,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 271254920.5225602,
      "corridor_count": 3783,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 337120977.47533566,
      "corridor_count": 3976,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 373257173.1890272,
      "corridor_count": 4211,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 328616578.32262915,
      "corridor_count": 4116,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 301298610.11965203,
      "corridor_count": 3993,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 311501799.0241292,
      "corridor_count": 4359,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 291019638.7057338,
      "corridor_count": 4238,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 284117785.54741216,
      "corridor_count": 4342,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 7319,
      "global_trade_usd": 336785915.94594294,
      "corridor_count": 4290,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 405900047.5676771,
      "corridor_count": 4410,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 7319,
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      "corridor_count": 4345,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
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      "global_trade_usd": 291307107.0007933,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
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      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "historical_peak_usd": 5212161.511367664,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
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      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.0680672022748823,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1177,
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      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.26508596821151514,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Malaysia",
      "importer_name": "Thailand"
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      "exporter_iso3": "USA",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
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      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.1782157434911733,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.797097853117747,
      "historical_peak_usd": 21037726.103971373,
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      "latest_below_peak_pct": 75.45952718577428,
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      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
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      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
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      "exporter_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 21243465.101966098,
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      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 14657901.635561861,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1867191.5071592685,
      "export_partner_count": 67,
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      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Singapore"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 5310948.136622805,
      "export_partner_count": 131,
      "import_partner_count": 69,
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      "country_name": "France"
    },
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      "export_partner_count": 138,
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      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "India"
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    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
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      "exports_usd": 9215804.342056949,
      "imports_usd": 8409834.119466523,
      "trade_balance_usd": 805970.222590426,
      "export_partner_count": 124,
      "import_partner_count": 48,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TWN",
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      "imports_usd": 1543739.1604250106,
      "trade_balance_usd": 4678132.123978531,
      "export_partner_count": 111,
      "import_partner_count": 36,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
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      "export_partner_count": 139,
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      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "export_partner_count": 54,
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      "country_name": "Indonesia"
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      "export_partner_count": 126,
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      "export_partner_count": 138,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 15802513.886017082,
      "trade_balance_usd": -15797665.175665382,
      "export_partner_count": 9,
      "import_partner_count": 20,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Dominican Republic"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SGP",
      "hs4": 7319,
      "exports_usd": 12790710.128402593,
      "imports_usd": 14657901.635561861,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1867191.5071592685,
      "export_partner_count": 67,
      "import_partner_count": 42,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Singapore"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "THA",
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      "imports_usd": 13575497.033663739,
      "trade_balance_usd": -9470666.49199968,
      "export_partner_count": 76,
      "import_partner_count": 43,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Thailand"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
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      "imports_usd": 12715347.840484358,
      "trade_balance_usd": -11742615.01157375,
      "export_partner_count": 99,
      "import_partner_count": 64,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "PHL",
      "hs4": 7319,
      "exports_usd": 468987.0500823222,
      "imports_usd": 11509321.949714312,
      "trade_balance_usd": -11040334.89963199,
      "export_partner_count": 40,
      "import_partner_count": 40,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Philippines"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "731910",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: sewing, darning or embroidery needles, for use in the hand"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731920",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: safety pins"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731930",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: pins, other than safety"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731940",
      "product_name": "Safety pins and other pins: of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731990",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: knitting needles, bodkins, crochet hooks and similar articles, for use in the hand, n.e.s. in heading no. 7319"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}