{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Iron or steel (HS4 7308) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for iron or steel at HS4 7308, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7308",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7308/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7308/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7308/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7308/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7308",
    "name": "Iron or steel"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The iron or steel subsector recorded $68.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +3% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 68804231412.79156,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 3.003073248445498,
    "activeExporters": 194,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 6.0489498664573205,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 6.520935023405272,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 68804231412.79156,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 75.86206896551724,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 996.676921177972,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 415.13975959645785,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.560550163633606
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 8868282712.403118,
      "corridor_count": 4465,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 8637871379.33187,
      "corridor_count": 4617,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 9483225520.603228,
      "corridor_count": 4811,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 9308056442.058023,
      "corridor_count": 4916,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 10170144589.451456,
      "corridor_count": 5309,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 9929610137.17336,
      "corridor_count": 5844,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 10493198568.07353,
      "corridor_count": 6095,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 11461151043.966862,
      "corridor_count": 6264,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 13207111578.820446,
      "corridor_count": 6352,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 16910030750.385477,
      "corridor_count": 6686,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 20362950369.802822,
      "corridor_count": 6863,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 26567963716.178535,
      "corridor_count": 7190,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 35148860146.39413,
      "corridor_count": 7416,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 45875892553.66204,
      "corridor_count": 7545,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 38303777331.14844,
      "corridor_count": 7586,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 35664247743.40106,
      "corridor_count": 7821,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 42318074865.32127,
      "corridor_count": 7975,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 44783631050.38256,
      "corridor_count": 8190,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 47077781649.8795,
      "corridor_count": 8133,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 48209968298.60661,
      "corridor_count": 8461,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 45786002417.07033,
      "corridor_count": 8613,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 43203202504.946526,
      "corridor_count": 8538,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 46003662907.062004,
      "corridor_count": 8741,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 49477624784.1088,
      "corridor_count": 8858,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 50169560687.26214,
      "corridor_count": 8806,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 46647239236.5544,
      "corridor_count": 8332,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 57689401163.57051,
      "corridor_count": 8539,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 64638440402.99654,
      "corridor_count": 8531,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 65924154617.17784,
      "corridor_count": 8573,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 7308,
      "global_trade_usd": 68804231412.79156,
      "corridor_count": 8579,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    }
  ],
  "corridors": [
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "CAN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1689730743.3684669,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1688811726.4638593,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1542520990.8523145,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1317638082.9780948,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.8617034548136715,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.980378488747684,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.831039924716833,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1717524701.1447062,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 1.6182566549240958,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -1.6182566549240995,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.969336469903162,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 556,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Canada",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1689625682.821125,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1277868953.606198,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1093943251.7832172,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1047201526.7224633,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 30.316538782594836,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.056057886790715,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.733104606190829,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1689625682.821125,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 35.501033301541554,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 26.58343417640401,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 867,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.14177167863838386,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1460026246404041,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.1297884190808081,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.01621420555959599,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "MEX",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1675099571.5344634,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1788008849.8493395,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1531530108.799684,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1111059499.1538136,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.883204423394586,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.811537120645776,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.592297624653282,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1875509211.6301465,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 10.685612144847422,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -7.6274864740517145,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.709093201258696,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3359,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1300508892.788996,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1294519460.917887,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1283752790.2318008,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1232672458.6046875,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5179947405561602,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.834036856356779,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.7232088255111355,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1356126350.6023526,
      "historical_peak_year": 2019,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 4.1012002892394905,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -2.1965252658447287,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.2052140849549753,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1763,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1246088503.1401138,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1306032532.8358886,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1198324732.7209191,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1150592222.6863322,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.1924278979063248,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.60307730433245,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.028175195958129,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1452070332.9759016,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 14.185389313315461,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 2.14352896674892,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 82.75862068965517,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.8357472980518041,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11883,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1040633543.1991432,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1100388514.130308,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1026172330.3503383,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 862842385.6011521,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.2982855005470686,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.356075429739081,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.916361198872955,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1162327203.6927505,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 10.469828126450336,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -5.2423056733900575,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.618075698325886,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 518,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04544072754526749,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.01044495665218107,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Poland",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 932245618.9991099,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1084974371.04965,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 968184962.8842514,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 782455175.7914301,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.1248233531036878,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.363272814091996,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.314319136943379,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1209441709.0583494,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 22.919342700282733,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -16.258026243515566,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.189495783839691,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8024,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.059638680392282845,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.07872936858989898,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.10232521854949493,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.023595849959595946,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Australia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "IDN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 817997532.4980552,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 801578934.1551151,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 660710253.5333169,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 497869739.5093355,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.942705835444706,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.463616498803784,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.296235551505715,
      "historical_peak_usd": 817997532.4980552,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 1.7513220734730606,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.64647028393899,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 4425,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Indonesia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "THA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 786784451.6626812,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 611250396.0262765,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 506752904.3470596,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 354452496.30871665,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 28.13038256407583,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.788078844826718,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.77145834829033,
      "historical_peak_usd": 786784451.6626812,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 27.567926801026466,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.3589242157855,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 2887,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29405095701191925,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.006877102784626263,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.2988774639608283,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Thailand"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7308,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 776398302.2523015,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 812476587.8559818,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 721247612.9043363,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 583935495.0034704,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.42596038148162,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.614652602881614,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.861164847249058,
      "historical_peak_usd": 869752477.7130868,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 10.733418743025528,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -1.8805859448594142,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.4352044657674377,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1226,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"
    }
  ],
  "exporters": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 19160556026.081047,
      "imports_usd": 363703809.38152534,
      "trade_balance_usd": 18796852216.69952,
      "export_partner_count": 199,
      "import_partner_count": 84,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 5892357131.195431,
      "imports_usd": 5096399230.367822,
      "trade_balance_usd": 795957900.8276091,
      "export_partner_count": 179,
      "import_partner_count": 108,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 3556572582.32466,
      "imports_usd": 1099334352.8084798,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2457238229.51618,
      "export_partner_count": 140,
      "import_partner_count": 71,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 2642220936.445462,
      "imports_usd": 365833839.72442585,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2276387096.7210364,
      "export_partner_count": 174,
      "import_partner_count": 77,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Turkey"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 2517227761.3585324,
      "imports_usd": 1125328527.5030675,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1391899233.855465,
      "export_partner_count": 164,
      "import_partner_count": 93,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 2168467177.4383245,
      "imports_usd": 1288677254.5762777,
      "trade_balance_usd": 879789922.8620467,
      "export_partner_count": 175,
      "import_partner_count": 82,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 2086001891.6613104,
      "imports_usd": 2068112622.773656,
      "trade_balance_usd": 17889268.887654543,
      "export_partner_count": 164,
      "import_partner_count": 90,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 1820027881.7009888,
      "imports_usd": 1932140691.8625746,
      "trade_balance_usd": -112112810.16158581,
      "export_partner_count": 136,
      "import_partner_count": 57,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 1797129743.547733,
      "imports_usd": 551657123.8310562,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1245472619.7166767,
      "export_partner_count": 78,
      "import_partner_count": 79,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ARE",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 1766076195.7327895,
      "imports_usd": 658941866.8227627,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1107134328.9100268,
      "export_partner_count": 158,
      "import_partner_count": 90,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 1389724406.625484,
      "imports_usd": 9242512425.85351,
      "trade_balance_usd": -7852788019.228025,
      "export_partner_count": 172,
      "import_partner_count": 117,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 5892357131.195431,
      "imports_usd": 5096399230.367822,
      "trade_balance_usd": 795957900.8276091,
      "export_partner_count": 179,
      "import_partner_count": 108,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 784317212.6660286,
      "imports_usd": 3185627105.4843225,
      "trade_balance_usd": -2401309892.818294,
      "export_partner_count": 162,
      "import_partner_count": 105,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 1132020764.5083804,
      "imports_usd": 2659923951.334059,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1527903186.8256783,
      "export_partner_count": 155,
      "import_partner_count": 91,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 2086001891.6613104,
      "imports_usd": 2068112622.773656,
      "trade_balance_usd": 17889268.887654543,
      "export_partner_count": 164,
      "import_partner_count": 90,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 1820027881.7009888,
      "imports_usd": 1932140691.8625746,
      "trade_balance_usd": -112112810.16158581,
      "export_partner_count": 136,
      "import_partner_count": 57,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 177149275.7505889,
      "imports_usd": 1797922235.9068887,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1620772960.1562998,
      "export_partner_count": 124,
      "import_partner_count": 66,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 67110416.45427117,
      "imports_usd": 1725183467.435823,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1658073050.981552,
      "export_partner_count": 118,
      "import_partner_count": 72,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Australia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 1737720834.147411,
      "imports_usd": 1566716256.7205415,
      "trade_balance_usd": 171004577.42686963,
      "export_partner_count": 126,
      "import_partner_count": 94,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs4": 7308,
      "exports_usd": 67752342.83230834,
      "imports_usd": 1552631767.9713316,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1484879425.1390233,
      "export_partner_count": 74,
      "import_partner_count": 76,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "730810",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, bridges and bridge-sections"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730820",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, towers and lattice masts"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730830",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, doors, windows and their frames and thresholds for doors"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730840",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, props and similar equipment for scaffolding, shuttering or pit-propping"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730890",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.s. in heading no. 7308"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}