{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Iron or steel (excluding cast iron) (HS4 7305) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for iron or steel (excluding cast iron) at HS4 7305, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
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    "sameAs": [
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  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
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    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7305/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7305/index.md",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7305",
    "name": "Iron or steel (excluding cast iron)"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The iron or steel (excluding cast iron) subsector recorded $8.9B in reported global trade in 2024, with +2.2% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 8945816100.720139,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 2.173945797792928,
    "activeExporters": 132,
    "activeImporters": 194,
    "activeHs6Products": 7
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Rapid growth",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 26.224937588322028,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.333024959343666,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 14992475679.210373,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1605.700948643258,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 946.3976252696458,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5171109212367053
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 2242226686.0176353,
      "corridor_count": 1992,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 2693950126.4555306,
      "corridor_count": 2045,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 3645755965.6625223,
      "corridor_count": 2001,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 3481906828.870756,
      "corridor_count": 2014,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 2255606297.7057004,
      "corridor_count": 2159,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 1906153123.4309406,
      "corridor_count": 2365,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 3344964767.4976835,
      "corridor_count": 2467,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 3955007357.438124,
      "corridor_count": 2502,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 3550894637.163076,
      "corridor_count": 2680,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 4750524329.602754,
      "corridor_count": 2657,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 6507956558.497983,
      "corridor_count": 2729,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 8932517923.51954,
      "corridor_count": 2818,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 11605043433.944006,
      "corridor_count": 2840,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 14992475679.210373,
      "corridor_count": 3022,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 13791153314.48691,
      "corridor_count": 3038,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 10814557524.096262,
      "corridor_count": 3017,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 12944632129.92693,
      "corridor_count": 3176,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 12927765641.4338,
      "corridor_count": 3171,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 11288626257.771498,
      "corridor_count": 3033,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 9223648423.612059,
      "corridor_count": 3181,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 9747991313.545094,
      "corridor_count": 3121,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 6410032351.376969,
      "corridor_count": 2978,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 6945633938.872666,
      "corridor_count": 3058,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 8002621142.702689,
      "corridor_count": 3164,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 7971515702.610775,
      "corridor_count": 3267,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 5600368511.393943,
      "corridor_count": 2621,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 4448201705.055405,
      "corridor_count": 2733,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 5736469898.28588,
      "corridor_count": 2768,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 8755048358.392078,
      "corridor_count": 2729,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 7305,
      "global_trade_usd": 8945816100.720139,
      "corridor_count": 2598,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    }
  ],
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      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 94144638.67648545,
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.339480270031405,
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 5202,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.058327351744989916,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.07872936858989898,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0985845244290909,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.01985515583919191,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Indonesia",
      "importer_name": "Australia"
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      "exporter_name": "China",
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "India",
      "importer_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
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      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 188306848.80636275,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 140518580.41918454,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 140247394.93198878,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 29.660227466662548,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.868522527546351,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.3765180506682295,
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      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 17.48597491110756,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -2.5513395166541164,
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      "trend_acceleration_pct": 31.03674551733078,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11077,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Republic of Korea",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "latest_data_year": 2024,
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      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 90012912.79370959,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 91810925.15973325,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 101136781.62993388,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 58.329537128042915,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 30.45345492806648,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.055043859880229,
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      "latest_below_peak_pct": 44.88077464025335,
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 935,
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "United Kingdom"
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "import_partner_count": 32,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 93,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 391810097.7787143,
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      "export_partner_count": 84,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 405700124.211523,
      "export_partner_count": 17,
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      "country_name": "Russia"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GRC",
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      "imports_usd": 70778954.64496799,
      "trade_balance_usd": 366447912.9341088,
      "export_partner_count": 45,
      "import_partner_count": 19,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Greece"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 20625990.889704056,
      "trade_balance_usd": 332984737.14272565,
      "export_partner_count": 62,
      "import_partner_count": 20,
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      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "exports_usd": 303609140.06381476,
      "imports_usd": 86937461.56868964,
      "trade_balance_usd": 216671678.49512511,
      "export_partner_count": 30,
      "import_partner_count": 35,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
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      "trade_balance_usd": -1097558446.8994439,
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      "import_partner_count": 36,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
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      "export_partner_count": 97,
      "import_partner_count": 47,
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      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 787288011.3549477,
      "trade_balance_usd": -728759863.8812808,
      "export_partner_count": 19,
      "import_partner_count": 34,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Australia"
    },
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      "country_iso3": "ARE",
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      "trade_balance_usd": -464764474.83928764,
      "export_partner_count": 61,
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      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 350593393.93084943,
      "trade_balance_usd": 391810097.7787143,
      "export_partner_count": 33,
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      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Indonesia"
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    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 7305,
      "exports_usd": 88687755.42247815,
      "imports_usd": 323278502.4680805,
      "trade_balance_usd": -234590747.04560238,
      "export_partner_count": 111,
      "import_partner_count": 36,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
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      "imports_usd": 272881966.39254934,
      "trade_balance_usd": -256740271.36394033,
      "export_partner_count": 29,
      "import_partner_count": 29,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "QAT",
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      "exports_usd": 841385.3937712953,
      "imports_usd": 244404116.29841372,
      "trade_balance_usd": -243562730.90464243,
      "export_partner_count": 14,
      "import_partner_count": 24,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Qatar"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
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      "exports_usd": 94910758.40594918,
      "imports_usd": 234547917.83031416,
      "trade_balance_usd": -139637159.42436498,
      "export_partner_count": 84,
      "import_partner_count": 40,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ISR",
      "hs4": 7305,
      "exports_usd": 55696475.331232734,
      "imports_usd": 233781175.01784295,
      "trade_balance_usd": -178084699.68661022,
      "export_partner_count": 6,
      "import_partner_count": 22,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Israel"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "730511",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (not seamless), longitudinally submerged arc welded, having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730512",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (not seamless), longitudinally welded (not submerged arc welded), having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730519",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, (other than longitudinally welded), external diameter exceeds 406.4mm"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730520",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: casing of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730531",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: tubes and pipes (other than line pipe or casing of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines), longitudinally welded, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730539",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes and pipes (other than line pipe or casing of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines), welded (not longitudinally welded), having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm, (not seamless)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "730590",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: tubes and pipes, n.e.s. in heading no. 7305, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}