{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Cast iron (HS4 7303) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for cast iron at HS4 7303, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7303",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7303/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7303/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7303/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/7303/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "7303",
    "name": "Cast iron"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The cast iron subsector recorded $1.7B in reported global trade in 2024, with -7.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1710734944.5999675,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -7.435315025605349,
    "activeExporters": 140,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 1
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 0.6497773216652236,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 1.936354761536907,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2386055679.0015397,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 51.724137931034484,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1273.0340665149993,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 268.78151521070765,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3716563250029969
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 676352074.0072654,
      "corridor_count": 1679,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 911528450.8205677,
      "corridor_count": 1939,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 751510573.5309049,
      "corridor_count": 1834,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 778059675.2613128,
      "corridor_count": 1822,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 610584542.8275568,
      "corridor_count": 2014,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 675781885.7818141,
      "corridor_count": 2245,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 685895941.5579358,
      "corridor_count": 2402,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 816415086.5958405,
      "corridor_count": 2346,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 934403839.7725731,
      "corridor_count": 2406,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1105732346.0555837,
      "corridor_count": 2514,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1191404304.21492,
      "corridor_count": 2558,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1438426894.4808292,
      "corridor_count": 2697,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1729856342.1927557,
      "corridor_count": 2874,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 2386055679.0015397,
      "corridor_count": 2872,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 2093558401.9676225,
      "corridor_count": 2799,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 2088164254.3124692,
      "corridor_count": 2755,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 2052478989.6400418,
      "corridor_count": 3015,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 2049629660.5173879,
      "corridor_count": 3158,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1897064789.5044568,
      "corridor_count": 3041,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 2202827952.627155,
      "corridor_count": 3265,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 2075307826.3147476,
      "corridor_count": 3210,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1531555707.9719331,
      "corridor_count": 3130,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1350358264.9216828,
      "corridor_count": 3203,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1569964798.1403384,
      "corridor_count": 3112,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1554308531.1838777,
      "corridor_count": 3317,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1365779831.6993873,
      "corridor_count": 2905,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1677815767.7640762,
      "corridor_count": 2930,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1943258967.3344553,
      "corridor_count": 3075,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1848150777.0195436,
      "corridor_count": 2918,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 7303,
      "global_trade_usd": 1710734944.5999675,
      "corridor_count": 2868,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    }
  ],
  "corridors": [
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "FRA",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 56969138.8088435,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 31303195.883973252,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 27024310.307109278,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18055093.40308503,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 28.182977202126548,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 41.72552881570819,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 20.77730597703258,
      "historical_peak_usd": 56969138.8088435,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 167.78256162226714,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.405671225093968,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1106,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "France",
      "importer_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "ARE",
      "importer_iso3": "KWT",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 29,
      "exports_latest_usd": 53001042.92404094,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 32430245.046297606,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 25247267.889755778,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14052289.399746606,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 44.03671493620542,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 98.47216253631488,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 38.134285492345235,
      "historical_peak_usd": 53001042.92404094,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 331.4527803066527,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.42857142857143,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.902429443860186,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 856,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.02674408113739393,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.040706726137373715,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.040706726137373715,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "United Arab Emirates",
      "importer_name": "Kuwait"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "FRA",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 48664221.28135764,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 52028104.067857385,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 46134396.73349585,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 36594634.46689258,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.342506449688544,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.69116077170391,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.469407834227784,
      "historical_peak_usd": 62356039.77428803,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 21.957485662160494,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 7.989006850745173,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -16.81191428391633,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 881,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "France",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "ARE",
      "importer_iso3": "EGY",
      "first_data_year": 1998,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 25,
      "exports_latest_usd": 43126475.179771096,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 15292961.941463947,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11065843.395736288,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5855619.313654367,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 92.05330092492528,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 146.37049764459266,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 42.14784853106104,
      "historical_peak_usd": 43126475.179771096,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 6338.497425818878,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45.833333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 49.905452393864245,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 2428,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29021859561616165,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.3373637314060606,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.3373637314060606,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "United Arab Emirates",
      "importer_name": "Egypt"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "IDN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 37207872.62002745,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 21957643.80311581,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 15902087.302517748,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10216183.732390326,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 62.45797535634161,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 55.92925547009728,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.69854763392611,
      "historical_peak_usd": 37207872.62002745,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 186.10217592104715,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 44.7594277224155,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 4425,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Indonesia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "PHL",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 32626549.68908627,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19279782.297183048,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14437854.142747521,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11051219.292349882,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 60.43037451547932,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 40.20094036903723,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.195729111983816,
      "historical_peak_usd": 32626549.68908627,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 150.45369102194087,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 41.234645403495506,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1841,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.19094782447393938,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.19392619136161615,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0032132217316707054,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.19071296962994544,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Philippines"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "USA",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 32160581.12422012,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 43118810.732780375,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 35599556.11256008,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 31141148.06767736,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.622210089746945,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.353334617583918,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -13.65676755975348,
      "historical_peak_usd": 139649972.36840543,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 76.97057824016,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -40.461432002846884,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.034557470006535,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 556,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 30852193.29273665,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 33023507.721025888,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 31458078.425284058,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 30100581.477263402,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.1113775351914397,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.7657581271070422,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.0910986441881496,
      "historical_peak_usd": 34983529.19832872,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 11.809374297746485,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -11.809374297746489,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.202476179379589,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1226,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 29684314.557473063,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 39970576.16555094,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 41369154.64962059,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 35158145.438410506,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.478314768566356,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.0168021945192183,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.6215640635386266,
      "historical_peak_usd": 47567918.89571177,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 37.59593598670323,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -30.415691683114908,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -11.85675070502773,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1053,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 7303,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 29653569.976416238,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30489763.260264564,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 31166704.816823833,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28895157.297691714,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.881331907222876,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.6047982814959005,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.6779902564704843,
      "historical_peak_usd": 35567199.19794347,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 16.626637336878538,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 9.88516997651152,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.55932216369336,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 674,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.012842625485358024,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.021083829923006173,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.021083829923006173,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein"
    }
  ],
  "exporters": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 451779907.910584,
      "imports_usd": 2571314.407247603,
      "trade_balance_usd": 449208593.50333637,
      "export_partner_count": 180,
      "import_partner_count": 40,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 266077096.49736172,
      "imports_usd": 79879462.60765485,
      "trade_balance_usd": 186197633.88970685,
      "export_partner_count": 128,
      "import_partner_count": 38,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ARE",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 194214519.54461232,
      "imports_usd": 20317261.132502265,
      "trade_balance_usd": 173897258.41211006,
      "export_partner_count": 75,
      "import_partner_count": 37,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IND",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 145406676.53067213,
      "imports_usd": 2296220.8454407314,
      "trade_balance_usd": 143110455.6852314,
      "export_partner_count": 107,
      "import_partner_count": 33,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 120136682.93952157,
      "imports_usd": 82091066.73973233,
      "trade_balance_usd": 38045616.19978924,
      "export_partner_count": 96,
      "import_partner_count": 49,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 100847995.00826348,
      "imports_usd": 34460159.39472249,
      "trade_balance_usd": 66387835.61354099,
      "export_partner_count": 89,
      "import_partner_count": 33,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 76747511.43081756,
      "imports_usd": 2297738.750514453,
      "trade_balance_usd": 74449772.68030311,
      "export_partner_count": 117,
      "import_partner_count": 41,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Turkey"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUT",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 51296481.07970213,
      "imports_usd": 22941794.883757725,
      "trade_balance_usd": 28354686.195944406,
      "export_partner_count": 59,
      "import_partner_count": 25,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Austria"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 46323040.36547493,
      "imports_usd": 42670759.66890051,
      "trade_balance_usd": 3652280.6965744197,
      "export_partner_count": 105,
      "import_partner_count": 52,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 31001608.959218457,
      "imports_usd": 65584588.20425896,
      "trade_balance_usd": -34582979.245040506,
      "export_partner_count": 21,
      "import_partner_count": 30,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 21629512.022739924,
      "imports_usd": 133481047.2447444,
      "trade_balance_usd": -111851535.22200447,
      "export_partner_count": 102,
      "import_partner_count": 33,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KWT",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 3739007.4312252235,
      "imports_usd": 91387067.20559962,
      "trade_balance_usd": -87648059.7743744,
      "export_partner_count": 8,
      "import_partner_count": 15,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Kuwait"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 120136682.93952157,
      "imports_usd": 82091066.73973233,
      "trade_balance_usd": 38045616.19978924,
      "export_partner_count": 96,
      "import_partner_count": 49,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 266077096.49736172,
      "imports_usd": 79879462.60765485,
      "trade_balance_usd": 186197633.88970685,
      "export_partner_count": 128,
      "import_partner_count": 38,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 914.0638468414072,
      "imports_usd": 75759485.65823139,
      "trade_balance_usd": -75758571.59438455,
      "export_partner_count": 1,
      "import_partner_count": 15,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Iraq"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 31001608.959218457,
      "imports_usd": 65584588.20425896,
      "trade_balance_usd": -34582979.245040506,
      "export_partner_count": 21,
      "import_partner_count": 30,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 14896960.805676874,
      "imports_usd": 49402086.44925546,
      "trade_balance_usd": -34505125.64357859,
      "export_partner_count": 99,
      "import_partner_count": 41,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "EGY",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 5727503.216564234,
      "imports_usd": 49391133.75782402,
      "trade_balance_usd": -43663630.54125978,
      "export_partner_count": 11,
      "import_partner_count": 32,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Egypt"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 1560626.4002406548,
      "imports_usd": 46962973.539798334,
      "trade_balance_usd": -45402347.13955768,
      "export_partner_count": 25,
      "import_partner_count": 31,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs4": 7303,
      "exports_usd": 14734417.38845824,
      "imports_usd": 43265169.15689755,
      "trade_balance_usd": -28530751.76843931,
      "export_partner_count": 32,
      "import_partner_count": 25,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "730300",
      "product_name": "Cast iron: tubes, pipes and hollow profiles"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}