{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:31.236Z",
  "title": "HS4 4911 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4911 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4911",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4911",
  "parentHs2": "49",
  "subsectorName": "Printed matter",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4911",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 10616690342.953176,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 10774874431.787477,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 10455974838.050686,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 10626884002.846287,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -0.04198577948454352,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -0.3293612449474126,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -1.3092120223049841,
    "historical_peak_usd": 12528337715.43137,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 15.25858749899106,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 1.887378096312605,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.2672262428204406,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 823.2504932753997,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 752.0943983902899,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.25359012412131193,
    "active_corridor_count": 11800,
    "active_exporter_count": 196,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 3,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 10616690342.953176,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 3836965384.445413,
    "topFiveSharePct": 16.397991668694623,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 477272067.41937625,
      "cagr3": -3.9465946838848187,
      "cagr5": -1.774288765182186,
      "cagr10": 3.6433439204389906,
      "share": 4.495488254832311,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 538552094.3783128,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.378662825492539,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.04198577948454352,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -0.3293612449474126,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -1.3092120223049841,
    "latestYoyPct": 1.887378096312605,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 12528337715.43137,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.25858749899106,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 823.2504932753997,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 752.0943983902899,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.25359012412131193,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "China to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 4911 routes with $477.3M in 2024 and -3.9% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $10.6B in latest reported trade, with -0% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 477272067.41937625,
      "cagr3": -3.9465946838848187,
      "cagr5": -1.774288765182186,
      "cagr10": 3.6433439204389906,
      "share": 4.495488254832311,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 538552094.3783128,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.378662825492539,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 420705799.0496917,
      "cagr3": 1.2485066065530237,
      "cagr5": 3.706783519609669,
      "cagr10": -0.6946864458403867,
      "share": 3.962683147568064,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 457724745.173607,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.087599919876448,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 360912446.40218604,
      "cagr3": 23.6449025781323,
      "cagr5": 20.054682944851354,
      "cagr10": 7.093364845551009,
      "share": 3.3994817098696064,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 360912446.40218604,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 265782667.30733132,
      "cagr3": 3.5254694273299636,
      "cagr5": 0.11167761216808181,
      "cagr10": -2.2781441721166695,
      "share": 2.5034418328282926,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 648985760.6213491,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2004,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.04645626540914,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "value": 216251017.74998316,
      "cagr3": -6.778801482398644,
      "cagr5": -11.657456244878173,
      "cagr10": -6.636894887434986,
      "share": 2.036896723596348,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.012842625485358024,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.021083829923006173,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.021083829923006173,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 439139219.0277611,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 50.75570379963891,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 204321511.08351946,
      "cagr3": -6.175539927787099,
      "cagr5": -2.4075818369192037,
      "cagr10": 0.5474484293810589,
      "share": 1.924531134310965,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 247380731.95147544,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.406052819183262,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "POL",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Poland",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 161539517.92225352,
      "cagr3": 1.675188800078975,
      "cagr5": -0.0097522002790007,
      "cagr10": 10.226023097756244,
      "share": 1.5215619247054268,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03985311450096296,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04544072754526749,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01044495665218107,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03499577089308642,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 201393722.20844883,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 19.78919891303511,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 143269036.29600832,
      "cagr3": 36.74574906164554,
      "cagr5": 28.83011142522851,
      "cagr10": 10.598793151303255,
      "share": 1.3494698598900277,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 143269036.29600832,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
      "value": 121307447.43484741,
      "cagr3": 72.99766879306007,
      "cagr5": 47.240351058205235,
      "cagr10": 25.999068990249175,
      "share": 1.1426107714949527,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.003564984112044444,
      "distanceKm": 3797,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 121307447.43484741,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 114091586.28083482,
      "cagr3": 20.026437320244806,
      "cagr5": 4.524997208844894,
      "cagr10": -1.379689246981286,
      "share": 1.0746436280546043,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 137097439.40923312,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.780658506484784,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 110632278.04393141,
      "cagr3": -3.7877134944989566,
      "cagr5": -1.8283387449088417,
      "cagr10": -3.686484556903147,
      "share": 1.0420599496656087,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 231738726.21241412,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.259909315923004,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 109657765.5149809,
      "cagr3": 202.33356663442814,
      "cagr5": 98.8338967632312,
      "cagr10": 41.28018509998559,
      "share": 1.0328808882305416,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5782,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 109657765.5149809,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 104846777.32144645,
      "cagr3": 35.32336776825555,
      "cagr5": 20.7910215606081,
      "cagr10": 9.13153715550077,
      "share": 0.9875655588941468,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 431,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 136529531.56347525,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.205788432152403,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "AUT",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Austria",
      "value": 101024282.86818995,
      "cagr3": -9.73365852222684,
      "cagr5": -7.599169091484203,
      "cagr10": -7.101654294267901,
      "share": 0.9515609818576348,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04880302040329218,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 211030862.00986683,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.128194944554366,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "CZE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Czechia",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 100997990.35394111,
      "cagr3": -8.992531453789287,
      "cagr5": -11.599764305326342,
      "cagr10": -8.292181312724711,
      "share": 0.9513133292144899,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.011496931921698412,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.022176024142857142,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.005402134669555556,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.016773889473301586,
      "distanceKm": 280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 590836694.8325787,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 82.90593809807967,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "AUT",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Austria",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 97654122.52327612,
      "cagr3": -11.591728231120424,
      "cagr5": -6.2201965456356145,
      "cagr10": -3.013261808953094,
      "share": 0.9198169991657899,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036700996253086426,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 166717861.2809222,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 41.42551867389458,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 97390731.08495991,
      "cagr3": -24.82002255965603,
      "cagr5": -15.138308739548512,
      "cagr10": -9.119023536007331,
      "share": 0.9173360806327272,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 286132069.9214705,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.96301452273805,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 95655228.4791627,
      "cagr3": 8.776132870734532,
      "cagr5": 2.7829032507135087,
      "cagr10": -0.5349391054874642,
      "share": 0.9009891537681873,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 174,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 206151946.6567977,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.59964820588875,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 94945690.96896012,
      "cagr3": 12.95893300216897,
      "cagr5": 37.0296411185814,
      "cagr10": 26.184818837983602,
      "share": 0.894305926818147,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 94945690.96896012,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 90184067.85423434,
      "cagr3": 3.995230544570272,
      "cagr5": 1.8430543076703776,
      "cagr10": 1.0914469872174593,
      "share": 0.8494555736392366,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 174,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 103870172.32192034,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.176164207438923,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 80314025.38182996,
      "cagr3": -1.1111204160105803,
      "cagr5": 8.063668704445902,
      "cagr10": 7.2282063615382475,
      "share": 0.7564883479448786,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.052512962910909095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545457,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04141017184121213,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03372032864424244,
      "distanceKm": 11441,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 83051795.22893992,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 3.2964607683230014,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 70552168.6022817,
      "cagr3": -2.4399024683710024,
      "cagr5": -0.6826103233961822,
      "cagr10": -2.289965465070043,
      "share": 0.6645401374931377,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 108467114.88040501,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 34.9552454860886,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 70128505.8085097,
      "cagr3": -8.604123382724072,
      "cagr5": -9.485419971752718,
      "cagr10": -9.202905577193688,
      "share": 0.6605496020241134,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 264,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 241863811.38765666,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.00496126057135,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "AUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Australia",
      "value": 66246108.33888753,
      "cagr3": 11.651733752713156,
      "cagr5": 11.66639753409111,
      "cagr10": 4.759562712227994,
      "share": 0.6239807906129461,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.059638680392282845,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07872936858989898,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.10232521854949493,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.023595849959595946,
      "distanceKm": 8024,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 71590673.60200447,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.465449051127937,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 61282544.354789704,
      "cagr3": 10.91050102049369,
      "cagr5": 17.315054301344436,
      "cagr10": 1.8111239916116073,
      "share": 0.5772283298765134,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "distanceKm": 1435,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 62957819.8688126,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.660949056866525,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 109657765.5149809,
      "cagr3": 202.33356663442814,
      "cagr5": 98.8338967632312,
      "cagr10": 41.28018509998559,
      "share": 1.0328808882305416,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5782,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 109657765.5149809,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
      "value": 121307447.43484741,
      "cagr3": 72.99766879306007,
      "cagr5": 47.240351058205235,
      "cagr10": 25.999068990249175,
      "share": 1.1426107714949527,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.003564984112044444,
      "distanceKm": 3797,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 121307447.43484741,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 143269036.29600832,
      "cagr3": 36.74574906164554,
      "cagr5": 28.83011142522851,
      "cagr10": 10.598793151303255,
      "share": 1.3494698598900277,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 143269036.29600832,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 104846777.32144645,
      "cagr3": 35.32336776825555,
      "cagr5": 20.7910215606081,
      "cagr10": 9.13153715550077,
      "share": 0.9875655588941468,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 431,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 136529531.56347525,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.205788432152403,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 360912446.40218604,
      "cagr3": 23.6449025781323,
      "cagr5": 20.054682944851354,
      "cagr10": 7.093364845551009,
      "share": 3.3994817098696064,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 360912446.40218604,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 420705799.0496917,
          "cagr3": 1.2485066065530237,
          "cagr5": 3.706783519609669,
          "cagr10": -0.6946864458403867,
          "share": 3.962683147568064,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 457724745.173607,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.087599919876448,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "MEX",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Mexico",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 360912446.40218604,
          "cagr3": 23.6449025781323,
          "cagr5": 20.054682944851354,
          "cagr10": 7.093364845551009,
          "share": 3.3994817098696064,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 360912446.40218604,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "CAN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Canada",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 265782667.30733132,
          "cagr3": 3.5254694273299636,
          "cagr5": 0.11167761216808181,
          "cagr10": -2.2781441721166695,
          "share": 2.5034418328282926,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 648985760.6213491,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2004,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.04645626540914,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHE",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
          "value": 216251017.74998316,
          "cagr3": -6.778801482398644,
          "cagr5": -11.657456244878173,
          "cagr10": -6.636894887434986,
          "share": 2.036896723596348,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.012842625485358024,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.021083829923006173,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.021083829923006173,
          "distanceKm": 674,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 439139219.0277611,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 50.75570379963891,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 204321511.08351946,
          "cagr3": -6.175539927787099,
          "cagr5": -2.4075818369192037,
          "cagr10": 0.5474484293810589,
          "share": 1.924531134310965,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 247380731.95147544,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.406052819183262,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "POL",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Poland",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 161539517.92225352,
          "cagr3": 1.675188800078975,
          "cagr5": -0.0097522002790007,
          "cagr10": 10.226023097756244,
          "share": 1.5215619247054268,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03985311450096296,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04544072754526749,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01044495665218107,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03499577089308642,
          "distanceKm": 518,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 201393722.20844883,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 19.78919891303511,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "SGP",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Singapore",
          "value": 121307447.43484741,
          "cagr3": 72.99766879306007,
          "cagr5": 47.240351058205235,
          "cagr10": 25.999068990249175,
          "share": 1.1426107714949527,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.003564984112044444,
          "distanceKm": 3797,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 121307447.43484741,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 114091586.28083482,
          "cagr3": 20.026437320244806,
          "cagr5": 4.524997208844894,
          "cagr10": -1.379689246981286,
          "share": 1.0746436280546043,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 579,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 137097439.40923312,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.780658506484784,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 110632278.04393141,
          "cagr3": -3.7877134944989566,
          "cagr5": -1.8283387449088417,
          "cagr10": -3.686484556903147,
          "share": 1.0420599496656087,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 579,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 231738726.21241412,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.259909315923004,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 104846777.32144645,
          "cagr3": 35.32336776825555,
          "cagr5": 20.7910215606081,
          "cagr10": 9.13153715550077,
          "share": 0.9875655588941468,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 431,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 136529531.56347525,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.205788432152403,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "AUT",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Austria",
          "value": 101024282.86818995,
          "cagr3": -9.73365852222684,
          "cagr5": -7.599169091484203,
          "cagr10": -7.101654294267901,
          "share": 0.9515609818576348,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04880302040329218,
          "distanceKm": 524,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 211030862.00986683,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.128194944554366,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "CZE",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Czechia",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 100997990.35394111,
          "cagr3": -8.992531453789287,
          "cagr5": -11.599764305326342,
          "cagr10": -8.292181312724711,
          "share": 0.9513133292144899,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.011496931921698412,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.022176024142857142,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.005402134669555556,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.016773889473301586,
          "distanceKm": 280,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 590836694.8325787,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 82.90593809807967,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "AUT",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Austria",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 97654122.52327612,
          "cagr3": -11.591728231120424,
          "cagr5": -6.2201965456356145,
          "cagr10": -3.013261808953094,
          "share": 0.9198169991657899,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036700996253086426,
          "distanceKm": 524,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 166717861.2809222,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 41.42551867389458,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 97390731.08495991,
          "cagr3": -24.82002255965603,
          "cagr5": -15.138308739548512,
          "cagr10": -9.119023536007331,
          "share": 0.9173360806327272,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 286132069.9214705,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.96301452273805,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 95655228.4791627,
          "cagr3": 8.776132870734532,
          "cagr5": 2.7829032507135087,
          "cagr10": -0.5349391054874642,
          "share": 0.9009891537681873,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 174,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 206151946.6567977,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.59964820588875,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 94945690.96896012,
          "cagr3": 12.95893300216897,
          "cagr5": 37.0296411185814,
          "cagr10": 26.184818837983602,
          "share": 0.894305926818147,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
          "distanceKm": 2732,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 94945690.96896012,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "BEL",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Belgium",
          "value": 90184067.85423434,
          "cagr3": 3.995230544570272,
          "cagr5": 1.8430543076703776,
          "cagr10": 1.0914469872174593,
          "share": 0.8494555736392366,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 174,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 103870172.32192034,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.176164207438923,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 70128505.8085097,
          "cagr3": -8.604123382724072,
          "cagr5": -9.485419971752718,
          "cagr10": -9.202905577193688,
          "share": 0.6605496020241134,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 264,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 241863811.38765666,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.00496126057135,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "AUS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Australia",
          "value": 66246108.33888753,
          "cagr3": 11.651733752713156,
          "cagr5": 11.66639753409111,
          "cagr10": 4.759562712227994,
          "share": 0.6239807906129461,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.059638680392282845,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07872936858989898,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.10232521854949493,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.023595849959595946,
          "distanceKm": 8024,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 71590673.60200447,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.465449051127937,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 61282544.354789704,
          "cagr3": 10.91050102049369,
          "cagr5": 17.315054301344436,
          "cagr10": 1.8111239916116073,
          "share": 0.5772283298765134,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "distanceKm": 1435,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 62957819.8688126,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.660949056866525,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 20,
      "value": 2955900321.230937,
      "averageCagr": 6.3124976715067,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.028116243859737676,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.022978079898470845
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 477272067.41937625,
          "cagr3": -3.9465946838848187,
          "cagr5": -1.774288765182186,
          "cagr10": 3.6433439204389906,
          "share": 4.495488254832311,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 538552094.3783128,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.378662825492539,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 143269036.29600832,
          "cagr3": 36.74574906164554,
          "cagr5": 28.83011142522851,
          "cagr10": 10.598793151303255,
          "share": 1.3494698598900277,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 143269036.29600832,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "ESP",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Spain",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 109657765.5149809,
          "cagr3": 202.33356663442814,
          "cagr5": 98.8338967632312,
          "cagr10": 41.28018509998559,
          "share": 1.0328808882305416,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 5782,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 109657765.5149809,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 80314025.38182996,
          "cagr3": -1.1111204160105803,
          "cagr5": 8.063668704445902,
          "cagr10": 7.2282063615382475,
          "share": 0.7564883479448786,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.052512962910909095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545457,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04141017184121213,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03372032864424244,
          "distanceKm": 11441,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 83051795.22893992,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 3.2964607683230014,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 70552168.6022817,
          "cagr3": -2.4399024683710024,
          "cagr5": -0.6826103233961822,
          "cagr10": -2.289965465070043,
          "share": 0.6645401374931377,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 108467114.88040501,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 34.9552454860886,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        }
      ],
      "count": 5,
      "value": 881065063.2144772,
      "averageCagr": 46.316339625561454,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.09344424888232411,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.028919541767768696
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 114091586.28083482,
      "cagr3": 20.026437320244806,
      "cagr5": 4.524997208844894,
      "cagr10": -1.379689246981286,
      "share": 1.0746436280546043,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 137097439.40923312,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.780658506484784,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 94945690.96896012,
      "cagr3": 12.95893300216897,
      "cagr5": 37.0296411185814,
      "cagr10": 26.184818837983602,
      "share": 0.894305926818147,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 94945690.96896012,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 4911 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4911",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Printed matter in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4911",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4911",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4911",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}