{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Paper (HS4 4818) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for paper at HS4 4818, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4818",
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    "sameAs": [
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    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4818/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4818/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4818/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4818/index.ld.json",
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "4818",
    "name": "Paper"
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  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The paper subsector recorded $14.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +2% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 14780241929.07574,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 2.0468042785206952,
    "activeExporters": 186,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
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  "growthAndStructure": {
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    "tradeCagr3yPct": 8.67492304747235,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.538027346063767,
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    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 989.7467643597677,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 530.7693548281426,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4248028341298017
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Thailand"
    },
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      "corridor_rank": 9,
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      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
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      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 208237432.76474488,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 214035089.5865289,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 207627513.53647453,
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      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.7952322310149427,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.9682811328625807,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.3897672109648198,
      "historical_peak_usd": 217677719.76563454,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 4.336818215044545,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -4.336818215044547,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 86.20689655172414,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.4054650200501229,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1226,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"
    },
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      "hs4": 4818,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "ITA",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
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      "exports_latest_usd": 205793940.26149583,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 197107205.7262548,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 172246122.6496665,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 147764828.9117933,
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      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.31218803833309,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.809226201258099,
      "historical_peak_usd": 316155252.8933803,
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      "latest_below_peak_pct": 34.907315827234584,
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      "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.795079628276774,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1184,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Italy",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
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  ],
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      "export_partner_count": 152,
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      "export_partner_count": 169,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 682157906.7014992,
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      "import_partner_count": 68,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 757149859.244362,
      "trade_balance_usd": 85776598.81945622,
      "export_partner_count": 120,
      "import_partner_count": 87,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -177829411.83241534,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SWE",
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      "imports_usd": 202700465.81572038,
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      "export_partner_count": 102,
      "import_partner_count": 61,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Sweden"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
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      "exports_usd": 411451592.6551982,
      "imports_usd": 722408042.9679012,
      "trade_balance_usd": -310956450.312703,
      "export_partner_count": 153,
      "import_partner_count": 82,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 6773993.554173529,
      "export_partner_count": 146,
      "import_partner_count": 79,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
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  "importers": [
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      "export_partner_count": 169,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 165,
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      "country_name": "France"
    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": 85776598.81945622,
      "export_partner_count": 120,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
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      "export_partner_count": 153,
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      "imports_usd": 485209520.09770936,
      "trade_balance_usd": -446071043.43197954,
      "export_partner_count": 124,
      "import_partner_count": 47,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "BEL",
      "hs4": 4818,
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      "imports_usd": 460518993.0545294,
      "trade_balance_usd": -130774748.77639359,
      "export_partner_count": 138,
      "import_partner_count": 75,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Belgium"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 4818,
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      "imports_usd": 434514463.5975343,
      "trade_balance_usd": -138143503.30387747,
      "export_partner_count": 159,
      "import_partner_count": 87,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUT",
      "hs4": 4818,
      "exports_usd": 241291311.68245554,
      "imports_usd": 372322056.84439695,
      "trade_balance_usd": -131030745.16194141,
      "export_partner_count": 128,
      "import_partner_count": 81,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Austria"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs4": 4818,
      "exports_usd": 360111467.2047453,
      "imports_usd": 353337473.65057176,
      "trade_balance_usd": 6773993.554173529,
      "export_partner_count": 146,
      "import_partner_count": 79,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "481810",
      "product_name": "Paper: toilet paper"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "481820",
      "product_name": "Paper articles: handkerchiefs, cleansing or facial tissues and towels"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "481830",
      "product_name": "Paper articles: tablecloths and serviettes, of paper, cellulose wadding or fibres"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "481840",
      "product_name": "Paper articles: sanitary towels and tampons, napkins and napkin liners for babies and similar sanitary articles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "481850",
      "product_name": "Paper articles: apparel and clothing accessories of paper, cellulose wadding or fibres"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "481890",
      "product_name": "Paper articles: articles of paper, cellulose wadding or fibres, n.e.c. in heading no. 4818"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}