{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:29.971Z",
  "title": "HS4 4812 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4812 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4812",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4812",
  "parentHs2": "48",
  "subsectorName": "Paper pulp",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4812",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 228910612.6715985,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 224787404.82980004,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 209842902.7807677,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 188146383.5689505,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 3.835164284685577,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 4.599465506301592,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 3.030786038570721,
    "historical_peak_usd": 236408600.3976273,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 3.171622230924579,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -3.1716222309245423,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.8043782461148563,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1788.9084502819464,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 370.9723273123203,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.3519743541785988,
    "active_corridor_count": 2196,
    "active_exporter_count": 104,
    "active_importer_count": 189,
    "active_hs6_count": 1,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 228910612.6715985,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 109567921.36932106,
    "topFiveSharePct": 17.074019969186953,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 9939145.609565008,
      "cagr3": -0.6111644397122085,
      "cagr5": 6.103200495512517,
      "cagr10": 5.3325581616815,
      "share": 4.341933077530128,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10645334.592724187,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.6337885109016765,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.835164284685577,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.599465506301592,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 3.030786038570721,
    "latestYoyPct": -3.1716222309245423,
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 236408600.3976273,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 3.171622230924579,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1788.9084502819464,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 370.9723273123203,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3519743541785988,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Germany to China leads the reported HS4 4812 routes with $9.9M in 2024 and -0.6% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $228.9M in latest reported trade, with +3.8% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 9939145.609565008,
      "cagr3": -0.6111644397122085,
      "cagr5": 6.103200495512517,
      "cagr10": 5.3325581616815,
      "share": 4.341933077530128,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10645334.592724187,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.6337885109016765,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 8743876.768524539,
      "cagr3": -4.293615270871531,
      "cagr5": 1.0696684692006242,
      "cagr10": 3.9193813814536904,
      "share": 3.8197778016822426,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 11925918.806969827,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.68173488306509,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
      "value": 7283060.756574218,
      "cagr3": 153.17791725164395,
      "cagr5": 82.71016940285665,
      "cagr10": 50.624083817529474,
      "share": 3.1816177815323483,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0035057953592263374,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0035057953592263374,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9925,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 7283060.756574218,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 6567848.98739106,
      "cagr3": 39.462565284792575,
      "cagr5": 22.277003366392556,
      "cagr10": 8.927110598608134,
      "share": 2.8691762739779474,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 653,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 6567848.98739106,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 6550311.597082106,
      "cagr3": -9.927441172266604,
      "cagr5": -1.583150297492919,
      "cagr10": -1.4540140981825656,
      "share": 2.861515034464289,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10150162.344749,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1995,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 35.465942567206426,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "SWE",
      "importerIso3": "GRC",
      "exporterName": "Sweden",
      "importerName": "Greece",
      "value": 6272883.429789579,
      "cagr3": 1579.8196302236893,
      "cagr5": 482.29303654784,
      "cagr10": 121.82291314341182,
      "share": 2.7403200561910297,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03752397506868688,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.03752397506868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03752397506868688,
      "distanceKm": 2412,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8176216.075053379,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.278893656823698,
      "yearsWithData": 21,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "AUT",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Austria",
      "value": 5446212.660158614,
      "cagr3": 2.6015831502234965,
      "cagr5": 12.140977957887,
      "cagr10": 4.934702524575929,
      "share": 2.379187490084569,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04880302040329218,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 5664406.574188519,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 3.852017173770122,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 5398835.295104779,
      "cagr3": -4.994861018871665,
      "cagr5": 4.418073264991618,
      "cagr10": 0.12910625023456745,
      "share": 2.3584906056103647,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 6686085.884648096,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 19.252678050381753,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 4590911.179,
      "cagr3": 2.5658684963134837,
      "cagr5": 2.4167983021604167,
      "cagr10": -2.407720650719325,
      "share": 2.0055475477610325,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.11425769714942531,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942531,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1614,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 6690739.348432033,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.384097632261316,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "SWE",
      "importerIso3": "DNK",
      "exporterName": "Sweden",
      "importerName": "Denmark",
      "value": 4559359.045753113,
      "cagr3": 27.460497990687127,
      "cagr5": 7.4353026671651,
      "cagr10": 13.268967335839598,
      "share": 1.991763943375616,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03752397506868687,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.03752397506868687,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03752397506868687,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 5015782.888407979,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.099752776574748,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 4429730.615784709,
      "cagr3": 39.47109968465292,
      "cagr5": 27.331413227147095,
      "cagr10": 4.391793345359285,
      "share": 1.935135537879025,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04288606249130865,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 4429730.615784709,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 4287957.346911221,
      "cagr3": 24.495057533049057,
      "cagr5": 17.027145658926514,
      "cagr10": 30.665880810504408,
      "share": 1.8732016383455508,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 4714338.673735553,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.044350784549724,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "AUS",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Australia",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 3729945.289901411,
      "cagr3": 786.0455617484042,
      "cagr5": 615.1710201632997,
      "cagr10": 167.42681618777496,
      "share": 1.6294330989592405,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 15983,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3729945.289901411,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 4,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "DNK",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Denmark",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 3393649.1954376153,
      "cagr3": 16.63000745479961,
      "cagr5": 6.211613573626429,
      "cagr10": 32.4314901786936,
      "share": 1.4825215641295926,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6204,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3938127.0808904353,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.825807909929361,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "DNK",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Denmark",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 3393101.4061540538,
      "cagr3": 0.24297811788205337,
      "cagr5": 13.873357669577802,
      "cagr10": 4.727194351644037,
      "share": 1.4822822614265994,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 355,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3393101.4061540538,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 2938126.768915529,
      "cagr3": 275.4930979123228,
      "cagr5": 343.0991413256329,
      "cagr10": 131.36924503671335,
      "share": 1.2835257984000275,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1317,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2938126.768915529,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 24,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "SWE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Sweden",
      "value": 2898517.695617001,
      "cagr3": 37.25173693789701,
      "cagr5": 37.04432281319146,
      "cagr10": 22.65153480052675,
      "share": 1.2662225057146193,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.020404016485596706,
      "distanceKm": 811,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2898517.695617001,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "CZE",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Czechia",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 2826373.4129058016,
      "cagr3": -11.97968767922819,
      "cagr5": -4.69106077515673,
      "cagr10": 60.32199547033248,
      "share": 1.234706150107857,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.011496931921698412,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.022176024142857142,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.005402134669555556,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.016773889473301586,
      "distanceKm": 712,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 4144582.829591183,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.80559952315896,
      "yearsWithData": 27,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 2607237.4862112436,
      "cagr3": 13.36717683925508,
      "cagr5": 17.597650299550118,
      "cagr10": 19.573259981878422,
      "share": 1.1389762387083637,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "distanceKm": 1263,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2607237.4862112436,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Poland",
      "value": 2496554.6175866104,
      "cagr3": -1.6204333417987216,
      "cagr5": -3.06131916515916,
      "cagr10": 5.295601302761788,
      "share": 1.0906242346955914,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3095254.2413497088,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 19.34250233034269,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "EGY",
      "importerIso3": "SAU",
      "exporterName": "Egypt",
      "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
      "value": 2489547.87582498,
      "cagr3": -3.7972048842741635,
      "cagr5": 379.51259282509034,
      "cagr10": 100.47464347853801,
      "share": 1.087563327348459,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08422037818795959,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.09920948249898988,
      "distanceKm": 1639,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2818569.939537161,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.673368792339067,
      "yearsWithData": 16,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 2252942.829681452,
      "cagr3": -0.9453077567523116,
      "cagr5": 4.783071698336583,
      "cagr10": 1.3848383639091022,
      "share": 0.984202000679447,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.043596585557123244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019705195414795353,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03949893585389151,
      "distanceKm": 487,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2547834.0604575602,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.57419297248697,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "THA",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "Thailand",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 2181161.4942248953,
      "cagr3": 2.72483298620676,
      "cagr5": 16.521973418294177,
      "cagr10": 19.026412546119566,
      "share": 0.9528441992132755,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.01793660881739737,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230304,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.014946542095097375,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.025655702287205664,
      "distanceKm": 4604,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2181161.4942248953,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 2153813.0521532563,
      "cagr3": -3.146695149853196,
      "cagr5": 0.19476282168160441,
      "cagr10": 2.098022421383683,
      "share": 0.9408969846422874,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.07906258743100822,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09769338237037038,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.027041277018082305,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07065210535228808,
      "distanceKm": 1738,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 4208624.3041577935,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.82382231111823,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 2136816.953068287,
      "cagr3": -7.518203857322925,
      "cagr5": -8.940106934465696,
      "cagr10": 20.18865892082009,
      "share": 0.933472209142974,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3412963.476915219,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 37.39115676093807,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "SWE",
      "importerIso3": "GRC",
      "exporterName": "Sweden",
      "importerName": "Greece",
      "value": 6272883.429789579,
      "cagr3": 1579.8196302236893,
      "cagr5": 482.29303654784,
      "cagr10": 121.82291314341182,
      "share": 2.7403200561910297,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03752397506868688,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.03752397506868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03752397506868688,
      "distanceKm": 2412,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8176216.075053379,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.278893656823698,
      "yearsWithData": 21,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "AUS",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Australia",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 3729945.289901411,
      "cagr3": 786.0455617484042,
      "cagr5": 615.1710201632997,
      "cagr10": 167.42681618777496,
      "share": 1.6294330989592405,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 15983,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3729945.289901411,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 4,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 2938126.768915529,
      "cagr3": 275.4930979123228,
      "cagr5": 343.0991413256329,
      "cagr10": 131.36924503671335,
      "share": 1.2835257984000275,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1317,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2938126.768915529,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 24,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
      "value": 7283060.756574218,
      "cagr3": 153.17791725164395,
      "cagr5": 82.71016940285665,
      "cagr10": 50.624083817529474,
      "share": 3.1816177815323483,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0035057953592263374,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0035057953592263374,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9925,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 7283060.756574218,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 4429730.615784709,
      "cagr3": 39.47109968465292,
      "cagr5": 27.331413227147095,
      "cagr10": 4.391793345359285,
      "share": 1.935135537879025,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04288606249130865,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 4429730.615784709,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "SGP",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Singapore",
          "value": 7283060.756574218,
          "cagr3": 153.17791725164395,
          "cagr5": 82.71016940285665,
          "cagr10": 50.624083817529474,
          "share": 3.1816177815323483,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0035057953592263374,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0035057953592263374,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 9925,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 7283060.756574218,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "BEL",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Belgium",
          "value": 6567848.98739106,
          "cagr3": 39.462565284792575,
          "cagr5": 22.277003366392556,
          "cagr10": 8.927110598608134,
          "share": 2.8691762739779474,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 653,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 6567848.98739106,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 6550311.597082106,
          "cagr3": -9.927441172266604,
          "cagr5": -1.583150297492919,
          "cagr10": -1.4540140981825656,
          "share": 2.861515034464289,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 10150162.344749,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1995,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 35.465942567206426,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "SWE",
          "importerIso3": "GRC",
          "exporterName": "Sweden",
          "importerName": "Greece",
          "value": 6272883.429789579,
          "cagr3": 1579.8196302236893,
          "cagr5": 482.29303654784,
          "cagr10": 121.82291314341182,
          "share": 2.7403200561910297,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03752397506868688,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.03752397506868688,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03752397506868688,
          "distanceKm": 2412,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 8176216.075053379,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.278893656823698,
          "yearsWithData": 21,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "AUT",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Austria",
          "value": 5446212.660158614,
          "cagr3": 2.6015831502234965,
          "cagr5": 12.140977957887,
          "cagr10": 4.934702524575929,
          "share": 2.379187490084569,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04880302040329218,
          "distanceKm": 524,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 5664406.574188519,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 3.852017173770122,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 5398835.295104779,
          "cagr3": -4.994861018871665,
          "cagr5": 4.418073264991618,
          "cagr10": 0.12910625023456745,
          "share": 2.3584906056103647,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 6686085.884648096,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 19.252678050381753,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "SWE",
          "importerIso3": "DNK",
          "exporterName": "Sweden",
          "importerName": "Denmark",
          "value": 4559359.045753113,
          "cagr3": 27.460497990687127,
          "cagr5": 7.4353026671651,
          "cagr10": 13.268967335839598,
          "share": 1.991763943375616,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03752397506868687,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.03752397506868687,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03752397506868687,
          "distanceKm": 524,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 5015782.888407979,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.099752776574748,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "CHE",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 4429730.615784709,
          "cagr3": 39.47109968465292,
          "cagr5": 27.331413227147095,
          "cagr10": 4.391793345359285,
          "share": 1.935135537879025,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04288606249130865,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
          "distanceKm": 674,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 4429730.615784709,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "MEX",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Mexico",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 4287957.346911221,
          "cagr3": 24.495057533049057,
          "cagr5": 17.027145658926514,
          "cagr10": 30.665880810504408,
          "share": 1.8732016383455508,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 4714338.673735553,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.044350784549724,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "DNK",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Denmark",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 3393101.4061540538,
          "cagr3": 0.24297811788205337,
          "cagr5": 13.873357669577802,
          "cagr10": 4.727194351644037,
          "share": 1.4822822614265994,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 355,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 3393101.4061540538,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 2938126.768915529,
          "cagr3": 275.4930979123228,
          "cagr5": 343.0991413256329,
          "cagr10": 131.36924503671335,
          "share": 1.2835257984000275,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1317,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2938126.768915529,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 24,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "SWE",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Sweden",
          "value": 2898517.695617001,
          "cagr3": 37.25173693789701,
          "cagr5": 37.04432281319146,
          "cagr10": 22.65153480052675,
          "share": 1.2662225057146193,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.020404016485596706,
          "distanceKm": 811,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2898517.695617001,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "CZE",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Czechia",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 2826373.4129058016,
          "cagr3": -11.97968767922819,
          "cagr5": -4.69106077515673,
          "cagr10": 60.32199547033248,
          "share": 1.234706150107857,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.011496931921698412,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.022176024142857142,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.005402134669555556,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.016773889473301586,
          "distanceKm": 712,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 4144582.829591183,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.80559952315896,
          "yearsWithData": 27,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 2607237.4862112436,
          "cagr3": 13.36717683925508,
          "cagr5": 17.597650299550118,
          "cagr10": 19.573259981878422,
          "share": 1.1389762387083637,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "distanceKm": 1263,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2607237.4862112436,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "POL",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Poland",
          "value": 2496554.6175866104,
          "cagr3": -1.6204333417987216,
          "cagr5": -3.06131916515916,
          "cagr10": 5.295601302761788,
          "share": 1.0906242346955914,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
          "distanceKm": 518,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 3095254.2413497088,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 19.34250233034269,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "EGY",
          "importerIso3": "SAU",
          "exporterName": "Egypt",
          "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
          "value": 2489547.87582498,
          "cagr3": -3.7972048842741635,
          "cagr5": 379.51259282509034,
          "cagr10": 100.47464347853801,
          "share": 1.087563327348459,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08422037818795959,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898988,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.09920948249898988,
          "distanceKm": 1639,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2818569.939537161,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.673368792339067,
          "yearsWithData": 16,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "CHE",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 2252942.829681452,
          "cagr3": -0.9453077567523116,
          "cagr5": 4.783071698336583,
          "cagr10": 1.3848383639091022,
          "share": 0.984202000679447,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.043596585557123244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019705195414795353,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03949893585389151,
          "distanceKm": 487,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2547834.0604575602,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.57419297248697,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "THA",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "Thailand",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 2181161.4942248953,
          "cagr3": 2.72483298620676,
          "cagr5": 16.521973418294177,
          "cagr10": 19.026412546119566,
          "share": 0.9528441992132755,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.01793660881739737,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230304,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.014946542095097375,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.025655702287205664,
          "distanceKm": 4604,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2181161.4942248953,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 28,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 2153813.0521532563,
          "cagr3": -3.146695149853196,
          "cagr5": 0.19476282168160441,
          "cagr10": 2.098022421383683,
          "share": 0.9408969846422874,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.07906258743100822,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09769338237037038,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.027041277018082305,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07065210535228808,
          "distanceKm": 1738,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 4208624.3041577935,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.82382231111823,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 2136816.953068287,
          "cagr3": -7.518203857322925,
          "cagr5": -8.940106934465696,
          "cagr10": 20.18865892082009,
          "share": 0.933472209142974,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 3412963.476915219,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 37.39115676093807,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        }
      ],
      "count": 20,
      "value": 79170393.3268925,
      "averageCagr": 107.5819169525967,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.026965260753070742,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.027385636608672582
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 9939145.609565008,
          "cagr3": -0.6111644397122085,
          "cagr5": 6.103200495512517,
          "cagr10": 5.3325581616815,
          "share": 4.341933077530128,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 10645334.592724187,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.6337885109016765,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 8743876.768524539,
          "cagr3": -4.293615270871531,
          "cagr5": 1.0696684692006242,
          "cagr10": 3.9193813814536904,
          "share": 3.8197778016822426,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 11925918.806969827,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.68173488306509,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "RUS",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Russia",
          "value": 4590911.179,
          "cagr3": 2.5658684963134837,
          "cagr5": 2.4167983021604167,
          "cagr10": -2.407720650719325,
          "share": 2.0055475477610325,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.11425769714942531,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942531,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1614,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 6690739.348432033,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.384097632261316,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "AUS",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Australia",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 3729945.289901411,
          "cagr3": 786.0455617484042,
          "cagr5": 615.1710201632997,
          "cagr10": 167.42681618777496,
          "share": 1.6294330989592405,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 15983,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 3729945.289901411,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 4,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "DNK",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Denmark",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 3393649.1954376153,
          "cagr3": 16.63000745479961,
          "cagr5": 6.211613573626429,
          "cagr10": 32.4314901786936,
          "share": 1.4825215641295926,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6204,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 3938127.0808904353,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.825807909929361,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 5,
      "value": 30397528.04242857,
      "averageCagr": 160.0673315977867,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.11318674085105754,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": null
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 6567848.98739106,
      "cagr3": 39.462565284792575,
      "cagr5": 22.277003366392556,
      "cagr10": 8.927110598608134,
      "share": 2.8691762739779474,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 653,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 6567848.98739106,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "EGY",
      "importerIso3": "SAU",
      "exporterName": "Egypt",
      "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
      "value": 2489547.87582498,
      "cagr3": -3.7972048842741635,
      "cagr5": 379.51259282509034,
      "cagr10": 100.47464347853801,
      "share": 1.087563327348459,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08422037818795959,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.09920948249898988,
      "distanceKm": 1639,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2818569.939537161,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.673368792339067,
      "yearsWithData": 16,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 4812 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4812",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/48"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Paper pulp in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4812",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/48",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/48",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4812",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4812",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/48",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/48",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}