{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:28.713Z",
  "title": "HS4 4503 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4503 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4503/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4503",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4503"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4503/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4503",
  "parentHs2": "45",
  "subsectorName": "Cork",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4503",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 610523670.6112908,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 684849166.9518557,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 684095853.3323992,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 702346045.6217554,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -5.644854675562138,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -2.74421706618303,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -2.082405608004567,
    "historical_peak_usd": 890041932.519,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 31.405066626087557,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -12.853167065431565,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.562449067557571,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 3747.033517191411,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 1054.4110005446078,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.1303891600743129,
    "active_corridor_count": 2387,
    "active_exporter_count": 118,
    "active_importer_count": 192,
    "active_hs6_count": 2,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 610523670.6112908,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 465747894.5096968,
    "topFiveSharePct": 54.54103511476909,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "PRT",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Portugal",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 127180066.0348647,
      "cagr3": -4.178706909000473,
      "cagr5": -0.7921254405195643,
      "cagr10": -0.6282539971156242,
      "share": 20.831307966736954,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.046744754636969706,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.046744754636969706,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5435,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 160188215.9351189,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.605853999662198,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -5.644854675562138,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -2.74421706618303,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -2.082405608004567,
    "latestYoyPct": -12.853167065431565,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 890041932.519,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.405066626087557,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3747.033517191411,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1054.4110005446078,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.1303891600743129,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Portugal to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 4503 routes with $127.2M in 2024 and -4.2% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $610.5M in latest reported trade, with -5.6% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "PRT",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Portugal",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "cagr3": -4.178706909000473,
      "cagr5": -0.7921254405195643,
      "cagr10": -0.6282539971156242,
      "share": 20.831307966736954,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.046744754636969706,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5435,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 160188215.9351189,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.605853999662198,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
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      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Portugal",
      "importerName": "France",
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      "cagr3": -3.560881465586918,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 170650650.80068487,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
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    },
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    },
    {
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
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    },
    {
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
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    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
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      "importerIso3": "ZAF",
      "exporterName": "Portugal",
      "importerName": "South Africa",
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    {
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      "importerName": "Chile",
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      "rank": 14,
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      "importerName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
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      "importerIso3": "ITA",
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      "cagr3": 11.379807110386864,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
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      "importerIso3": "SDN",
      "exporterName": "United Arab Emirates",
      "importerName": "Sudan",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 5825138.506,
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    {
      "rank": 17,
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