{ "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview", "source": "api", "title": "Leather (HS4 4114) Trade Overview | Yugalinks", "description": "Review reported global trade for leather at HS4 4114, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.", "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4114", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks", "sameAs": [ "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" ] }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-27", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-27" } ] }, "links": { "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4114/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4114/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4114/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4114/index.ld.json", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "internalLinks": { "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app", "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai" }, "subsector": { "hs4": "4114", "name": "Leather" }, "coverage": { "firstDataYear": 1995, "latestDataYear": 2024, "yearsWithData": 30, "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09" }, "answer": "The leather subsector recorded $368.1M in reported global trade in 2024, with -1.8% annual change.", "keyFigures": { "latestTradeUsd": 368088092.1744335, "latestAnnualChangePct": -1.7936274493565882, "activeExporters": 101, "activeImporters": 156, "activeHs6Products": 2 }, "growthAndStructure": { "trendLabel": "Declining", "tradeCagr3yPct": -4.152473827015624, "tradeCagr5yPct": -6.990529155014491, "historicalPeakUsd": 850685069.4251847, "historicalPeakYear": 2014, "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 44.827586206896555, "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3012.809129951222, "importerConcentrationHhi": 682.897055973822, "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.22910077169661935 }, "annualRows": [ { "year": 1995, "hs4": 4114, 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"importers": [ { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "CHN", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 13581639.91161499, "imports_usd": 34903598.57670334, "trade_balance_usd": -21321958.665088348, "export_partner_count": 107, "import_partner_count": 46, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "China" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "TUN", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 4102242.8461593064, "imports_usd": 33339284.123842552, "trade_balance_usd": -29237041.277683247, "export_partner_count": 29, "import_partner_count": 18, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Tunisia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "DEU", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 7444121.907069652, "imports_usd": 28447987.73686613, "trade_balance_usd": -21003865.82979648, "export_partner_count": 56, "import_partner_count": 40, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Germany" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "PRT", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 1965111.1572146234, "imports_usd": 26395785.502536096, "trade_balance_usd": -24430674.345321473, "export_partner_count": 33, "import_partner_count": 34, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Portugal" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 31144547.74921954, "imports_usd": 24769186.41662113, "trade_balance_usd": 6375361.332598411, "export_partner_count": 50, "import_partner_count": 22, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Spain" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ROU", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 2310137.51185291, "imports_usd": 19500009.276250817, "trade_balance_usd": -17189871.764397908, "export_partner_count": 33, "import_partner_count": 19, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Romania" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "USA", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 3750669.7784320423, "imports_usd": 19369055.328061532, "trade_balance_usd": -15618385.54962949, "export_partner_count": 63, "import_partner_count": 30, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "VNM", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 2612103.3442663765, "imports_usd": 18635372.9704341, "trade_balance_usd": -16023269.626167722, "export_partner_count": 15, "import_partner_count": 19, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Viet Nam" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "IDN", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 323287.94071654894, "imports_usd": 14833741.440058907, "trade_balance_usd": -14510453.499342358, "export_partner_count": 14, "import_partner_count": 26, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Indonesia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "KHM", "hs4": 4114, "exports_usd": 936244.8706120434, "imports_usd": 13011248.026580134, "trade_balance_usd": -12075003.15596809, "export_partner_count": 14, "import_partner_count": 8, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Cambodia" } ], "products": [ { "hs_code": "411410", "product_name": "Leather: chamois (including combination chamois)" }, { "hs_code": "411420", "product_name": "Leather: patent leather and laminated patent leather: metallised leather" } ], "methodology": { "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.", "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.", "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed." } }