{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:26.931Z",
  "title": "HS4 4114 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4114 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4114/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4114",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4114"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4114/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4114",
  "parentHs2": "41",
  "subsectorName": "Leather",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4114",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 368088092.1744335,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 389643562.40346617,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 392912536.8272158,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 529530870.5764311,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -4.152473827015624,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -6.990529155014491,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -8.035906194876063,
    "historical_peak_usd": 850685069.4251847,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 56.73039231508391,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -1.7936274493565882,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.883432367860439,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 3012.809129951222,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 682.897055973822,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.22910077169661935,
    "active_corridor_count": 1467,
    "active_exporter_count": 101,
    "active_importer_count": 156,
    "active_hs6_count": 2,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 368088092.1744335,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 238008851.97945148,
    "topFiveSharePct": 23.409744336053016,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "TUN",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Tunisia",
      "value": 21223159.09545958,
      "cagr3": 9.02723173124398,
      "cagr5": -1.3920470855715794,
      "cagr10": 4.579875536194633,
      "share": 5.765782579405509,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.26974269389898997,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.26974269389898997,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 598,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 22764091.08370007,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.769134698041392,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -4.152473827015624,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -6.990529155014491,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -8.035906194876063,
    "latestYoyPct": -1.7936274493565882,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 850685069.4251847,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.73039231508391,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3012.809129951222,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 682.897055973822,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.22910077169661935,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Italy to Tunisia leads the reported HS4 4114 routes with $21.2M in 2024 and +9% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $368.1M in latest reported trade, with -4.2% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "TUN",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Tunisia",
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      "cagr3": 9.02723173124398,
      "cagr5": -1.3920470855715794,
      "cagr10": 4.579875536194633,
      "share": 5.765782579405509,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 598,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 22764091.08370007,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.769134698041392,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 19603379.924590494,
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      "cagr5": -13.13093080947516,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 59054733.59353408,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2016,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 66.8047271883098,
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    },
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      "rank": 3,
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      "importerName": "Romania",
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      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
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    },
    {
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      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
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    },
    {
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      "importerName": "China",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
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      "exporterName": "Spain",
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    },
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      "importerName": "Germany",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
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      "importerIso3": "ALB",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Albania",
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      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
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      "importerName": "Cambodia",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 9764521.255765479,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "France",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
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      "importerIso3": "SRB",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Serbia",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03148994799777778,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0007418081509140739,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06173644282686369,
      "distanceKm": 724,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16538672462383838,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.10607949072581416,
      "distanceKm": 5278,
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