{ "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview", "source": "api", "title": "Leather (HS4 4113) Trade Overview | Yugalinks", "description": "Review reported global trade for leather at HS4 4113, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.", "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4113", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks", "sameAs": [ "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" ] }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-27", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-27" } ] }, "links": { "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4113/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4113/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4113/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4113/index.ld.json", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "internalLinks": { "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app", "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai" }, "subsector": { "hs4": "4113", "name": "Leather" }, "coverage": { "firstDataYear": 1995, "latestDataYear": 2024, "yearsWithData": 30, "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09" }, "answer": "The leather subsector recorded $676.1M in reported global trade in 2024, with -8.9% annual change.", "keyFigures": { "latestTradeUsd": 676058873.6930782, "latestAnnualChangePct": -8.945167715963342, "activeExporters": 115, "activeImporters": 152, "activeHs6Products": 4 }, "growthAndStructure": { "trendLabel": "Stable", "tradeCagr3yPct": -2.7858484008773443, "tradeCagr5yPct": -7.562531517674942, "historicalPeakUsd": 1999815008.562607, "historicalPeakYear": 2010, "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 55.172413793103445, "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1697.19660108602, "importerConcentrationHhi": 1435.6336699032913, "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3601919006513071 }, "annualRows": [ { "year": 1995, "hs4": 4113, 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37376420.10658411, "export_partner_count": 49, "import_partner_count": 25, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "South Africa" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 35476529.58243278, "imports_usd": 28952954.331659578, "trade_balance_usd": 6523575.250773199, "export_partner_count": 59, "import_partner_count": 32, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "Spain" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "FRA", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 21750938.059032388, "imports_usd": 131289355.02809918, "trade_balance_usd": -109538416.9690668, "export_partner_count": 62, "import_partner_count": 59, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "France" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "USA", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 19779359.73761275, "imports_usd": 30322265.80704757, "trade_balance_usd": -10542906.069434818, "export_partner_count": 68, "import_partner_count": 46, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "VNM", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 18830364.17399978, "imports_usd": 98439186.92635354, "trade_balance_usd": -79608822.75235376, "export_partner_count": 38, "import_partner_count": 39, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "Viet Nam" } ], "importers": [ { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "FRA", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 21750938.059032388, "imports_usd": 131289355.02809918, "trade_balance_usd": -109538416.9690668, "export_partner_count": 62, "import_partner_count": 59, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "France" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "VNM", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 18830364.17399978, "imports_usd": 98439186.92635354, "trade_balance_usd": -79608822.75235376, "export_partner_count": 38, "import_partner_count": 39, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "Viet Nam" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "CHN", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 66366168.61157502, "imports_usd": 43545181.138269454, "trade_balance_usd": 22820987.473305568, "export_partner_count": 79, "import_partner_count": 55, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "China" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ITA", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 139645879.7976701, "imports_usd": 42118378.49793263, "trade_balance_usd": 97527501.29973747, "export_partner_count": 87, "import_partner_count": 56, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "Italy" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "PRT", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 2110155.9185221237, "imports_usd": 30398828.07906861, "trade_balance_usd": -28288672.160546485, "export_partner_count": 31, "import_partner_count": 30, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "Portugal" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "USA", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 19779359.73761275, "imports_usd": 30322265.80704757, "trade_balance_usd": -10542906.069434818, "export_partner_count": 68, "import_partner_count": 46, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 35476529.58243278, "imports_usd": 28952954.331659578, "trade_balance_usd": 6523575.250773199, "export_partner_count": 59, "import_partner_count": 32, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "Spain" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "KHM", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 8065384.375599355, "imports_usd": 25353783.582117036, "trade_balance_usd": -17288399.20651768, "export_partner_count": 15, "import_partner_count": 21, "active_hs6_count": 3, "country_name": "Cambodia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "IDN", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 16192612.73103071, "imports_usd": 23936193.264731556, "trade_balance_usd": -7743580.533700846, "export_partner_count": 37, "import_partner_count": 27, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "Indonesia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "MEX", "hs4": 4113, "exports_usd": 2605408.615555415, "imports_usd": 18738952.775442567, "trade_balance_usd": -16133544.159887152, "export_partner_count": 20, "import_partner_count": 22, "active_hs6_count": 4, "country_name": "Mexico" } ], "products": [ { "hs_code": "411310", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of goats and kids" }, { "hs_code": "411320", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of swine" }, { "hs_code": "411330", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of reptiles, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14" }, { "hs_code": "411390", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of animals (other than sheep and lambs, goats and kids, swine and reptiles), without wool or hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14" } ], "methodology": { "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.", "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.", "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed." } }