{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Leather (HS4 4106) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for leather at HS4 4106, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4106",
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    "sameAs": [
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    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4106/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4106/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4106/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "4106",
    "name": "Leather"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The leather subsector recorded $257.1M in reported global trade in 2024, with -8.6% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 257133193.61990085,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -8.612744795576356,
    "activeExporters": 111,
    "activeImporters": 132,
    "activeHs6Products": 7
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -1.1023169428061141,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -5.4523396402681445,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1189941838.0582786,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2010,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 48.275862068965516,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2301.0341712008,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 2644.692805244435,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.37392050506837893
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 577029676.252446,
      "corridor_count": 1767,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 554534155.013531,
      "corridor_count": 1740,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 576719018.9272172,
      "corridor_count": 1729,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 499642896.1591978,
      "corridor_count": 1665,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 384999101.6510014,
      "corridor_count": 1736,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 500221149.86596215,
      "corridor_count": 1937,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 633825022.8463005,
      "corridor_count": 2039,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 601033543.6806802,
      "corridor_count": 1848,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 505983500.36278164,
      "corridor_count": 1683,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 561289209.9178272,
      "corridor_count": 1631,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 561166771.4020002,
      "corridor_count": 1645,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 498080718.9789505,
      "corridor_count": 1559,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 602995139.7141025,
      "corridor_count": 1522,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 643051123.5091593,
      "corridor_count": 1534,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 467577293.1032815,
      "corridor_count": 1438,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 1189941838.0582786,
      "corridor_count": 1407,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 816293571.8432869,
      "corridor_count": 1433,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 768068249.461067,
      "corridor_count": 1453,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 927785204.9353203,
      "corridor_count": 1450,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 616495536.4627109,
      "corridor_count": 1365,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
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      "global_trade_usd": 526138554.0495993,
      "corridor_count": 1304,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
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    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 512232510.3154545,
      "corridor_count": 1334,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 469394845.8586457,
      "corridor_count": 1332,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 434955625.3095124,
      "corridor_count": 1286,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
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    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 340333117.30188817,
      "corridor_count": 1270,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 4106,
      "global_trade_usd": 244613731.11073396,
      "corridor_count": 1070,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "year": 2023,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Thailand",
      "importer_name": "China"
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      "hs_code": "410611",
      "product_name": "Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, vegetable pre-tanned but not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109"
    },
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    },
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      "hs_code": "410619",
      "product_name": "Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, tanned or retanned but not further prepared, whether or not split, n.e.s. in heading no. 4106 (not pre-tanned), excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109"
    },
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      "hs_code": "410620",
      "product_name": "Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109"
    },
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      "hs_code": "410621",
      "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet-blue)"
    },
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      "hs_code": "410622",
      "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)"
    },
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      "hs_code": "410631",
      "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of swine, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet blue)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "410632",
      "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of swine, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "410640",
      "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of reptiles, whether or not split, but not further prepared"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "410691",
      "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of animals other than equine, ovine, bovine, goats or kids, swine and reptiles, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet blue)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "410692",
      "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of animals other than equine, ovine, bovine, goats or kids, swine and reptiles, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}