{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:26.683Z",
  "title": "HS4 4106 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4106 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4106/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4106",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4106"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4106/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4106",
  "parentHs2": "41",
  "subsectorName": "Leather",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4106",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 257133193.61990085,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 272324153.58803725,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 265482724.33184442,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 361046827.44943225,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -1.1023169428061141,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -5.4523396402681445,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -8.37313642827625,
    "historical_peak_usd": 1189941838.0582786,
    "historical_peak_year": 2010,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 78.3911124564302,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -8.612744795576356,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.2708194854701365,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 2301.0341712008,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 2644.692805244435,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.37392050506837893,
    "active_corridor_count": 1051,
    "active_exporter_count": 111,
    "active_importer_count": 132,
    "active_hs6_count": 7,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 257133193.61990085,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 151883144.9183793,
    "topFiveSharePct": 29.70052550849846,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "THA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Thailand",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 44155818.58389549,
      "cagr3": 3.7866045874229703,
      "cagr5": 9.784983265696102,
      "cagr10": 20.17412504885754,
      "share": 17.172352570383214,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.28196241672909084,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.05668992856888889,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.245208827109899,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 44155818.58389549,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -1.1023169428061141,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -5.4523396402681445,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -8.37313642827625,
    "latestYoyPct": -8.612744795576356,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1189941838.0582786,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2010,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 78.3911124564302,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2301.0341712008,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 2644.692805244435,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.37392050506837893,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Thailand to China leads the reported HS4 4106 routes with $44.2M in 2024 and +3.8% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $257.1M in latest reported trade, with -1.1% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "THA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Thailand",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 44155818.58389549,
      "cagr3": 3.7866045874229703,
      "cagr5": 9.784983265696102,
      "cagr10": 20.17412504885754,
      "share": 17.172352570383214,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.28196241672909084,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.05668992856888889,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.245208827109899,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 44155818.58389549,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Italy",
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      "cagr3": -8.228570490772046,
      "cagr5": -9.803972718096155,
      "cagr10": -5.431581230403626,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "distanceKm": 1106,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 19486054.646363303,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
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      "distanceKm": 5927,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2001,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "ZAF",
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      "exporterName": "South Africa",
      "importerName": "Italy",
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
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      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "historicalPeakYear": 1996,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
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      "rank": 9,
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      "exporterName": "Viet Nam",
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      "hasFta": true,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "THA",
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      "exporterName": "Thailand",
      "importerName": "Laos",
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    },
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      "rank": 11,
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      "rank": 12,
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    },
    {
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "KEN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Kenya",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 9578,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 40.148592810137615,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016375390997815674,
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      "distanceKm": 10830,
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      "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.0825472717736,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "Italy",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
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      "importerIso3": "MEX",
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      "importerName": "Mexico",
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      "cagr3": 58.45690564026194,
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