# HS4 4105 top trade corridors | Yugalinks

> Published by **Yugalinks**, global trade intelligence for growing businesses.
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Explore reported HS4 4105 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4105/corridors

## Page details

- Page type: HS4 subsector top trade corridors
- HS4: **4105 - Tanned or crust skins of sheep and lambs, without wool on, whether or...**
- Parent sector: [HS2 41 overview](https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41)
- Coverage: 1995-2024
- Publisher: [Yugalinks](https://www.yugalinks.com/)

## Answer

China to Italy leads the reported HS4 4105 routes with $49.1M in 2024 and +37.3% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $254.0M in latest reported trade, with -7.2% calculated three-year growth.

## Explore Yugalinks

- [Open HS4 4105 in the workspace](https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4105)
- [Read the HS4 overview](https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4105)
- [Read the parent HS2 overview](https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41)
- [Review data sources](https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources)
- [Check data coverage](https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage)
- [Read the methodology](https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology)
- [Read Responsible AI principles](https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai)

## Summary and indicators

| Measure | Value | Interpretation |
| --- | ---: | --- |
| Latest reported HS4 trade | $254.0M | Reported value in 2024 |
| Displayed corridor value | $192.4M | Sum of the routes shown |
| HS4 3-year CAGR | -7.2% | Calculated annualized change |
| HS4 5-year CAGR | -6.1% | Calculated annualized change |
| HS4 10-year CAGR | -7.7% | Calculated annualized change |
| Latest year-on-year change | -10.2% | Calculated change from the prior year |
| Reported trend | Declining | Available HS4 trend label |
| Historical peak | $1.1B in 1996 | Reported-history comparison |
| Latest below peak | 77.5% | Calculated peak comparison |
| Exporter / importer HHI | 1,621.7 / 2,276.7 | Calculated concentration indicators |
| Trade volatility | 0.4 | Calculated variation in annual values |
| Active corridors / exporters / importers / HS6 | 711 / 111 / 101 / 2 | Latest available breadth |

## Growth leaders

- **China -> France**: +723.7% calculated three-year CAGR, $2.5M latest reported value, 1% market share, trend Rapid growth.
- **China -> India**: +133.6% calculated three-year CAGR, $8.4M latest reported value, 3.3% market share, trend Rapid growth.
- **Spain -> China**: +126.4% calculated three-year CAGR, $6.0M latest reported value, 2.3% market share, trend Rapid growth.
- **Pakistan -> Italy**: +74.4% calculated three-year CAGR, $2.1M latest reported value, 0.8% market share, trend Rapid growth.
- **China -> Spain**: +46.8% calculated three-year CAGR, $14.6M latest reported value, 5.8% market share, trend Rapid growth.

## Access and tariff context

FTA status, tariff fields, and distance are route context. Group averages below are calculated from the displayed routes and are not tariff recommendations.

| Access group | Reported route value | Routes | Average 3-year CAGR | Average applied tariff | Average tariff advantage |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| FTA reported | $62.8M | 7 | -11.5% | 0% | +0 pp |
| No FTA reported | $129.7M | 18 | +60.4% | 0.3% | +0.2 pp |

- Lowest reported applied tariff route: **Spain -> Italy** at 0%.
- Largest reported tariff advantage route: **China -> India** at +0.5 pp.

## Full corridor table

| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Latest trade | 3-year CAGR | 5-year CAGR | 10-year CAGR | Market share | FTA / access | Applied tariff | MFN tariff | Preferential tariff | Tariff advantage | Distance | Historical peak | Latest below peak | Years | Trend |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | China | Italy | $49.1M | +37.3% | +41.9% | +46.1% | 19.3% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 9,138 km | $50.4M (2023) | 2.6% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 2 | Spain | Italy | $29.4M | -18.1% | -3.1% | -6.1% | 11.6% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,366 km | $57.3M (2022) | 48.8% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 3 | China | Spain | $14.6M | +46.8% | +53.4% | +73% | 5.8% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 10,277 km | $14.6M (2024) | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 4 | Spain | France | $11.1M | -11.3% | -7.4% | +1.2% | 4.4% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,053 km | $16.5M (2013) | 33% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 5 | Nigeria | India | $9.2M | +30.2% | +2.7% | +7.6% | 3.6% | No FTA reported | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.1% | +0.4 pp | 8,094 km | $11.8M (2018) | 22.2% | 25 | Rapid growth |
| 6 | China | India | $8.4M | +133.6% | +14% | +44.6% | 3.3% | No FTA reported | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.1% | +0.5 pp | 4,252 km | $8.4M (2024) | 0% | 28 | Rapid growth |
| 7 | Nigeria | Italy | $8.2M | -28.5% | -20.8% | -17.7% | 3.2% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 4,028 km | $57.3M (2014) | 85.7% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 8 | Spain | Portugal | $8.0M | +4.7% | +46.7% | +44.3% | 3.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 504 km | $8.0M (2024) | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 9 | Saudi Arabia | India | $7.5M | -11.4% | -17.9% | -12.7% | 2.9% | No FTA reported | 0.5% | 0.5% | Not reported | Not reported | 3,060 km | $30.3M (2009) | 75.4% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 10 | Spain | China | $6.0M | +126.4% | +3.7% | +17.2% | 2.3% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 10,277 km | $6.5M (2008) | 7.7% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 11 | Nigeria | Spain | $5.1M | -35.9% | -22.2% | -7.9% | 2% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 3,828 km | $26.9M (2018) | 81.2% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 12 | Morocco | Italy | $4.8M | -16.8% | -1.3% | -3.1% | 1.9% | FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,990 km | $35.5M (1996) | 86.3% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 13 | Tunisia | Italy | $3.6M | -10% | -6.2% | -2.4% | 1.4% | FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 598 km | $5.8M (2022) | 37.1% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 14 | Algeria | Italy | $3.0M | -20.4% | -10% | -12.9% | 1.2% | FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 993 km | $14.3M (2012) | 79% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 15 | Turkey | Italy | $2.9M | -8.8% | -5.2% | +5.9% | 1.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 1,377 km | $5.6M (2017) | 47.8% | 30 | Declining |
| 16 | Saudi Arabia | Pakistan | $2.8M | -6% | -8.4% | -10.5% | 1.1% | No FTA reported | 0.4% | 0.4% | Not reported | Not reported | 2,058 km | $13.1M (2011) | 78.9% | 30 | Declining |
| 17 | China | France | $2.5M | +723.7% | +4.1% | +136.2% | 1% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 9,284 km | $3.8M (2018) | 34.5% | 28 | Rapid growth |
| 18 | Kenya | Indonesia | $2.5M | +0.8% | +0.2% | +2.6% | 1% | No FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | Not reported | Not reported | 7,793 km | $3.1M (2023) | 20.2% | 22 | Stable |
| 19 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | India | $2.3M | +0.3% | -3.5% | -19% | 0.9% | No FTA reported | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.1% | +0.4 pp | 2,546 km | $18.7M (2014) | 87.8% | 29 | Stable |
| 20 | Saudi Arabia | Indonesia | $2.3M | -16.5% | +17.1% | +1.3% | 0.9% | No FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | Not reported | Not reported | 7,353 km | $3.9M (2021) | 41.9% | 22 | Rapid decline |
| 21 | Pakistan | Italy | $2.1M | +74.4% | +26.8% | +12.6% | 0.8% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 5,318 km | $2.1M (2024) | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 22 | United Arab Emirates | India | $2.1M | -8.9% | -15.6% | -5.6% | 0.8% | No FTA reported | 0.5% | 0.5% | Not reported | Not reported | 2,204 km | $10.1M (2018) | 79% | 30 | Declining |
| 23 | Saudi Arabia | Italy | $1.8M | +16.8% | -4.8% | -11.4% | 0.7% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 3,679 km | $19.7M (2007) | 90.9% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 24 | Nigeria | Brazil | $1.7M | +6.5% | -0.9% | +2.1% | 0.7% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0% | +0.2 pp | 6,368 km | $5.8M (2004) | 71% | 29 | Growing |
| 25 | Turkey | India | $1.6M | -3.3% | -21.2% | -3.8% | 0.6% | No FTA reported | 0.5% | 0.5% | Not reported | Not reported | 4,559 km | $5.3M (2019) | 69.6% | 29 | Declining |

## Definitions

Latest trade values are reported merchandise trade observations. CAGR, market share, HHI, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated indicators over the available history. FTA, tariffs, and distance provide route context where available. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed or presented as forecasts.

## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) - [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) - [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) - [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

This page presents derived Yugalinks views of reported observations and calculated indicators.

## Continue your research

- [Open the HS4 workspace](https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4105)
- [Read the HS4 overview](https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4105)
- [Read the HS2 overview](https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41)
- [Review data sources](https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources)
- [Check data coverage](https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage)
- [Read methodology](https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology)
- [Read Responsible AI principles](https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai)