{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:26.469Z",
  "title": "HS4 4104 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4104 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4104",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4104",
  "parentHs2": "41",
  "subsectorName": "Leather",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4104",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 3175867618.806752,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 3280004963.5089927,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 3216976090.461371,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 4178453342.6503363,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -4.787609481231647,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -3.2914985168974176,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -8.625345371613191,
    "historical_peak_usd": 7827172527.589835,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 59.42509753538454,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -0.44099107916482705,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.837735890381544,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1257.6244010122468,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 1621.8011151279543,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.29652546763637955,
    "active_corridor_count": 1883,
    "active_exporter_count": 131,
    "active_importer_count": 151,
    "active_hs6_count": 4,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 3175867618.806752,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 1682122931.6151545,
    "topFiveSharePct": 24.07334263620173,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 340878608.8223385,
      "cagr3": -0.9402957503427789,
      "cagr5": 5.72393154853601,
      "cagr10": -6.000877499826007,
      "share": 10.73340106507382,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 632938851.7133254,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 46.14351640769062,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -4.787609481231647,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -3.2914985168974176,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -8.625345371613191,
    "latestYoyPct": -0.44099107916482705,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 7827172527.589835,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 59.42509753538454,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1257.6244010122468,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1621.8011151279543,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.29652546763637955,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Brazil to China leads the reported HS4 4104 routes with $340.9M in 2024 and -0.9% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $3.2B in latest reported trade, with -4.8% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 340878608.8223385,
      "cagr3": -0.9402957503427789,
      "cagr5": 5.72393154853601,
      "cagr10": -6.000877499826007,
      "share": 10.73340106507382,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 632938851.7133254,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 46.14351640769062,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 138961154.47223845,
      "cagr3": 0.9793806078895351,
      "cagr5": 0.704589228745478,
      "cagr10": 2.46510098409487,
      "share": 4.37553359117813,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 14306,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 138961154.47223845,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 100026679.68221343,
      "cagr3": 19.93569043261052,
      "cagr5": 21.013634443510966,
      "cagr10": -0.4162114676192985,
      "share": 3.149585930152712,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16863,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 104286816.17270818,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.085019225670478,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 97227537.07478935,
      "cagr3": 1.732211564770747,
      "cagr5": -1.258791889168498,
      "cagr10": 1.7830874815884634,
      "share": 3.0614480433324864,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16878,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 113394232.91288494,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.257070595923205,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 87443513.49595077,
      "cagr3": -11.932411317614488,
      "cagr5": -3.755371093996629,
      "cagr10": -12.382628055113686,
      "share": 2.7533740064645813,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 327963395.5382814,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 73.33741671004746,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 83453972.31221136,
      "cagr3": -14.875997323069267,
      "cagr5": -6.694167157653452,
      "cagr10": -10.64530524901961,
      "share": 2.6277534938174463,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019276811614959602,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868686,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01644805611296719,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042756075155719664,
      "distanceKm": 9457,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 345054971.68895584,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 75.81429651521162,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 79676133.5139191,
      "cagr3": -14.215702635126103,
      "cagr5": -8.82098557781723,
      "cagr10": -9.923807864259814,
      "share": 2.5087989512565168,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 226583387.09188172,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 64.83584496792359,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 77831043.99551256,
      "cagr3": 44.20708240927007,
      "cagr5": 34.36984760367792,
      "cagr10": 44.126315768348555,
      "share": 2.450701771528988,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 77831043.99551256,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 59955537.38110232,
      "cagr3": 16.899799711376318,
      "cagr5": 10.937586031140434,
      "cagr10": 0.7466351195469345,
      "share": 1.8878474979895108,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1366,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 64978490.37395641,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.730178038834993,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 57413338.970733225,
      "cagr3": -2.564332517968415,
      "cagr5": 1.8823139322556193,
      "cagr10": -6.507961707889853,
      "share": 1.8078001309231133,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9138,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 112529534.41563556,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.97931528031288,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "BGD",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Bangladesh",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 54086085.96151097,
      "cagr3": -9.309407402108437,
      "cagr5": 14.063697441932277,
      "cagr10": 8.002319544875824,
      "share": 1.7030333897176855,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.27390769230022677,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.2835444869863945,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.06675571333333334,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.21678877365306115,
      "distanceKm": 3168,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 80354652.3998336,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 32.690784732181896,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 50141492.11390164,
      "cagr3": -13.234752727453358,
      "cagr5": -12.289276179825137,
      "cagr10": -6.532531974035393,
      "share": 1.5788281544537732,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 19629,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 113409911.67659494,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 55.78738103871601,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "URY",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "Uruguay",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 48287625.67300521,
      "cagr3": 31.22712069213518,
      "cagr5": 22.752333846223728,
      "cagr10": 10.946468513711572,
      "share": 1.5204546117431683,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454545,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454545,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16708,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 48287625.67300521,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 45729004.293765344,
      "cagr3": 2.6170011913458247,
      "cagr5": 2.4616265347408017,
      "cagr10": 2.589049036255142,
      "share": 1.4398901271252234,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9564,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 45729004.293765344,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 44792724.48965438,
      "cagr3": -19.488947260561773,
      "cagr5": -14.472394576021298,
      "cagr10": -12.83231726006131,
      "share": 1.4104090556042777,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 182501673.16295126,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 75.45626639287846,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "NZL",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "New Zealand",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 39983551.28966197,
      "cagr3": -7.657470655911435,
      "cagr5": -4.722413700659633,
      "cagr10": -11.024666026392493,
      "share": 1.25898041382105,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.059204131268686885,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686885,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18400,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 128583456.71266863,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 68.90459137444964,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 38541480.40640805,
      "cagr3": 36.29208681421765,
      "cagr5": 10.639569307557274,
      "cagr10": 4.083151285728248,
      "share": 1.2135732666618195,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16964,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 38752805.94562692,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.5453167430388868,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 37368938.884995125,
      "cagr3": 8.827413154726038,
      "cagr5": 1.8415965840937076,
      "cagr10": -1.8267743994143215,
      "share": 1.1766529141109323,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 13951,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 44934525.5985199,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.836912402551274,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 33413220.123035736,
      "cagr3": 36.31793487831922,
      "cagr5": 9.050369467232944,
      "cagr10": -7.343726077903701,
      "share": 1.0520973835675766,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1298558755858586,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11153066833939393,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.024472295864646443,
      "distanceKm": 7422,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 71642381.94730808,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.36109825660086,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Poland",
      "value": 30879228.014510408,
      "cagr3": 4.071244097905868,
      "cagr5": -1.5411788718523445,
      "cagr10": -5.85980147483669,
      "share": 0.9723084120903144,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 79736868.93078926,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 61.273588455908346,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "THA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Thailand",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 30008660.513631213,
      "cagr3": 7.191907062207026,
      "cagr5": -5.466342656553147,
      "cagr10": -9.156809840060443,
      "share": 0.9448964539934499,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.28196241672909084,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.05668992856888889,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.245208827109899,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 86615943.88925272,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.35434567104605,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 29052507.288811788,
      "cagr3": 21.19720881929159,
      "cagr5": -6.924434774674603,
      "cagr10": 1.6038804341110158,
      "share": 0.9147896189617467,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5193666871050505,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.10332584090909089,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.4289843592282828,
      "distanceKm": 15799,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 41591559.75870719,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 30.148069807048657,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 26602425.353191886,
      "cagr3": 23.12786069940842,
      "cagr5": 3.9994651947030446,
      "cagr10": 11.50533307804713,
      "share": 0.8376427655755702,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.15641760437922705,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.08420037688671497,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0748581990915459,
      "distanceKm": 15641,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 26602425.353191886,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 25632845.86640411,
      "cagr3": 58.863910336218495,
      "cagr5": 70.98741548790369,
      "cagr10": 19.777494786062235,
      "share": 0.8071131716766887,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "distanceKm": 4425,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25799689.03553246,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.6466867445517162,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "THA",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "Thailand",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 24735621.621658202,
      "cagr3": 22.74784725199799,
      "cagr5": 9.419593501098046,
      "cagr10": -5.611067668714154,
      "share": 0.7788618604623059,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.15691195880048486,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272726,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.039437962359292936,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.14002369191343433,
      "distanceKm": 2312,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 44066858.64377444,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 43.867971571073774,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 25632845.86640411,
      "cagr3": 58.863910336218495,
      "cagr5": 70.98741548790369,
      "cagr10": 19.777494786062235,
      "share": 0.8071131716766887,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "distanceKm": 4425,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25799689.03553246,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.6466867445517162,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 77831043.99551256,
      "cagr3": 44.20708240927007,
      "cagr5": 34.36984760367792,
      "cagr10": 44.126315768348555,
      "share": 2.450701771528988,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 77831043.99551256,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 33413220.123035736,
      "cagr3": 36.31793487831922,
      "cagr5": 9.050369467232944,
      "cagr10": -7.343726077903701,
      "share": 1.0520973835675766,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1298558755858586,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11153066833939393,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.024472295864646443,
      "distanceKm": 7422,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 71642381.94730808,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.36109825660086,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 38541480.40640805,
      "cagr3": 36.29208681421765,
      "cagr5": 10.639569307557274,
      "cagr10": 4.083151285728248,
      "share": 1.2135732666618195,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16964,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 38752805.94562692,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.5453167430388868,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "URY",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "Uruguay",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 48287625.67300521,
      "cagr3": 31.22712069213518,
      "cagr5": 22.752333846223728,
      "cagr10": 10.946468513711572,
      "share": 1.5204546117431683,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454545,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454545,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16708,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 48287625.67300521,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 77831043.99551256,
          "cagr3": 44.20708240927007,
          "cagr5": 34.36984760367792,
          "cagr10": 44.126315768348555,
          "share": 2.450701771528988,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
          "distanceKm": 2732,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 77831043.99551256,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 59955537.38110232,
          "cagr3": 16.899799711376318,
          "cagr5": 10.937586031140434,
          "cagr10": 0.7466351195469345,
          "share": 1.8878474979895108,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1366,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 64978490.37395641,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.730178038834993,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 45729004.293765344,
          "cagr3": 2.6170011913458247,
          "cagr5": 2.4616265347408017,
          "cagr10": 2.589049036255142,
          "share": 1.4398901271252234,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 9564,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 45729004.293765344,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 44792724.48965438,
          "cagr3": -19.488947260561773,
          "cagr5": -14.472394576021298,
          "cagr10": -12.83231726006131,
          "share": 1.4104090556042777,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 182501673.16295126,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 75.45626639287846,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "POL",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Poland",
          "value": 30879228.014510408,
          "cagr3": 4.071244097905868,
          "cagr5": -1.5411788718523445,
          "cagr10": -5.85980147483669,
          "share": 0.9723084120903144,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
          "distanceKm": 518,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 79736868.93078926,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 61.273588455908346,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "THA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Thailand",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 30008660.513631213,
          "cagr3": 7.191907062207026,
          "cagr5": -5.466342656553147,
          "cagr10": -9.156809840060443,
          "share": 0.9448964539934499,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.28196241672909084,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.05668992856888889,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.245208827109899,
          "distanceKm": 2887,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 86615943.88925272,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.35434567104605,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "MEX",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "Mexico",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 26602425.353191886,
          "cagr3": 23.12786069940842,
          "cagr5": 3.9994651947030446,
          "cagr10": 11.50533307804713,
          "share": 0.8376427655755702,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.15641760437922705,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.08420037688671497,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0748581990915459,
          "distanceKm": 15641,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 26602425.353191886,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IDN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Indonesia",
          "value": 25632845.86640411,
          "cagr3": 58.863910336218495,
          "cagr5": 70.98741548790369,
          "cagr10": 19.777494786062235,
          "share": 0.8071131716766887,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
          "distanceKm": 4425,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 25799689.03553246,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.6466867445517162,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "THA",
          "importerIso3": "IDN",
          "exporterName": "Thailand",
          "importerName": "Indonesia",
          "value": 24735621.621658202,
          "cagr3": 22.74784725199799,
          "cagr5": 9.419593501098046,
          "cagr10": -5.611067668714154,
          "share": 0.7788618604623059,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.15691195880048486,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272726,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.039437962359292936,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.14002369191343433,
          "distanceKm": 2312,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 44066858.64377444,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 43.867971571073774,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 9,
      "value": 366167091.52943045,
      "averageCagr": 17.804189499907583,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.13898912394651203,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.11191997386319384
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 340878608.8223385,
          "cagr3": -0.9402957503427789,
          "cagr5": 5.72393154853601,
          "cagr10": -6.000877499826007,
          "share": 10.73340106507382,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 18570,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 632938851.7133254,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 46.14351640769062,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 138961154.47223845,
          "cagr3": 0.9793806078895351,
          "cagr5": 0.704589228745478,
          "cagr10": 2.46510098409487,
          "share": 4.37553359117813,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 14306,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 138961154.47223845,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 100026679.68221343,
          "cagr3": 19.93569043261052,
          "cagr5": 21.013634443510966,
          "cagr10": -0.4162114676192985,
          "share": 3.149585930152712,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 16863,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 104286816.17270818,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.085019225670478,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 97227537.07478935,
          "cagr3": 1.732211564770747,
          "cagr5": -1.258791889168498,
          "cagr10": 1.7830874815884634,
          "share": 3.0614480433324864,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 16878,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 113394232.91288494,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.257070595923205,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 87443513.49595077,
          "cagr3": -11.932411317614488,
          "cagr5": -3.755371093996629,
          "cagr10": -12.382628055113686,
          "share": 2.7533740064645813,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 327963395.5382814,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 73.33741671004746,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 83453972.31221136,
          "cagr3": -14.875997323069267,
          "cagr5": -6.694167157653452,
          "cagr10": -10.64530524901961,
          "share": 2.6277534938174463,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019276811614959602,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868686,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01644805611296719,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042756075155719664,
          "distanceKm": 9457,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 345054971.68895584,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 75.81429651521162,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 79676133.5139191,
          "cagr3": -14.215702635126103,
          "cagr5": -8.82098557781723,
          "cagr10": -9.923807864259814,
          "share": 2.5087989512565168,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6907,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 226583387.09188172,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 64.83584496792359,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 57413338.970733225,
          "cagr3": -2.564332517968415,
          "cagr5": 1.8823139322556193,
          "cagr10": -6.507961707889853,
          "share": 1.8078001309231133,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 9138,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 112529534.41563556,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.97931528031288,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "BGD",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Bangladesh",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 54086085.96151097,
          "cagr3": -9.309407402108437,
          "cagr5": 14.063697441932277,
          "cagr10": 8.002319544875824,
          "share": 1.7030333897176855,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.27390769230022677,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.2835444869863945,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.06675571333333334,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.21678877365306115,
          "distanceKm": 3168,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 80354652.3998336,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 32.690784732181896,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 50141492.11390164,
          "cagr3": -13.234752727453358,
          "cagr5": -12.289276179825137,
          "cagr10": -6.532531974035393,
          "share": 1.5788281544537732,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 19629,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 113409911.67659494,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 55.78738103871601,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "URY",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "Uruguay",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 48287625.67300521,
          "cagr3": 31.22712069213518,
          "cagr5": 22.752333846223728,
          "cagr10": 10.946468513711572,
          "share": 1.5204546117431683,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454545,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454545,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 16708,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 48287625.67300521,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "NZL",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "New Zealand",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 39983551.28966197,
          "cagr3": -7.657470655911435,
          "cagr5": -4.722413700659633,
          "cagr10": -11.024666026392493,
          "share": 1.25898041382105,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.059204131268686885,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686885,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 18400,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 128583456.71266863,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 68.90459137444964,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 38541480.40640805,
          "cagr3": 36.29208681421765,
          "cagr5": 10.639569307557274,
          "cagr10": 4.083151285728248,
          "share": 1.2135732666618195,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 16964,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 38752805.94562692,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.5453167430388868,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 37368938.884995125,
          "cagr3": 8.827413154726038,
          "cagr5": 1.8415965840937076,
          "cagr10": -1.8267743994143215,
          "share": 1.1766529141109323,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 13951,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 44934525.5985199,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.836912402551274,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 33413220.123035736,
          "cagr3": 36.31793487831922,
          "cagr5": 9.050369467232944,
          "cagr10": -7.343726077903701,
          "share": 1.0520973835675766,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1298558755858586,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11153066833939393,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.024472295864646443,
          "distanceKm": 7422,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 71642381.94730808,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.36109825660086,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 29052507.288811788,
          "cagr3": 21.19720881929159,
          "cagr5": -6.924434774674603,
          "cagr10": 1.6038804341110158,
          "share": 0.9147896189617467,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5193666871050505,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.10332584090909089,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.4289843592282828,
          "distanceKm": 15799,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 41591559.75870719,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 30.148069807048657,
          "yearsWithData": 29,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 16,
      "value": 1315955840.0857246,
      "averageCagr": 5.111167289647887,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.2289281112518604,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.17825037597542753
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 59955537.38110232,
      "cagr3": 16.899799711376318,
      "cagr5": 10.937586031140434,
      "cagr10": 0.7466351195469345,
      "share": 1.8878474979895108,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1366,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 64978490.37395641,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.730178038834993,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 29052507.288811788,
      "cagr3": 21.19720881929159,
      "cagr5": -6.924434774674603,
      "cagr10": 1.6038804341110158,
      "share": 0.9147896189617467,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5193666871050505,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.10332584090909089,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.4289843592282828,
      "distanceKm": 15799,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 41591559.75870719,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 30.148069807048657,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 4104 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4104",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Leather in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4104",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4104",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4104",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}