{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:26.429Z",
  "title": "HS4 4102 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4102 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4102/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4102",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4102"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4102/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4102",
  "parentHs2": "41",
  "subsectorName": "Skins",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4102",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 389447354.18785375,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 421337836.768387,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 416132674.8027916,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 534009009.6075735,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -5.319930585868171,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -4.18082496356379,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -10.401453305626928,
    "historical_peak_usd": 1582694113.3135476,
    "historical_peak_year": 2013,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 75.39339086991976,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 0.7945598331247264,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.081522719758757,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 2140.0862372607085,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 2793.2641593477197,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.38798879052605983,
    "active_corridor_count": 851,
    "active_exporter_count": 118,
    "active_importer_count": 136,
    "active_hs6_count": 3,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 389447354.18785375,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 313263414.7199979,
    "topFiveSharePct": 50.86751519498528,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "AUS",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Australia",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 134684071.53139776,
      "cagr3": -6.526873284268319,
      "cagr5": -3.3630792584356417,
      "cagr10": -7.7958042066995965,
      "share": 34.58338337212879,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2965061338323232,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.061813778940967706,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.24008497673782023,
      "distanceKm": 8024,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 362657859.92891264,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.861946089408285,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -5.319930585868171,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -4.18082496356379,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -10.401453305626928,
    "latestYoyPct": 0.7945598331247264,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1582694113.3135476,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 75.39339086991976,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2140.0862372607085,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 2793.2641593477197,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.38798879052605983,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Australia to China leads the reported HS4 4102 routes with $134.7M in 2024 and -6.5% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $389.4M in latest reported trade, with -5.3% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "AUS",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Australia",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "cagr3": -6.526873284268319,
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      "cagr10": -7.7958042066995965,
      "share": 34.58338337212879,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.061813778940967706,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.24008497673782023,
      "distanceKm": 8024,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 362657859.92891264,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.861946089408285,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
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      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "cagr10": 21.05375278540782,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
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    },
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    },
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      "rank": 16,
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      "rank": 17,
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