{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:26.399Z",
  "title": "HS4 4101 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4101 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4101",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4101",
  "parentHs2": "41",
  "subsectorName": "Hides and skins",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4101",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 2616172607.337308,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 2892429367.43292,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 2786455595.5282617,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 3539112059.2685194,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -6.087502894910823,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -0.5012467193574621,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -9.280189298822417,
    "historical_peak_usd": 6928592840.029642,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 62.240924416535414,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -18.71193596492618,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.192686403911594,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1009.6425228595691,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 2081.4945704582283,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.26704837154953753,
    "active_corridor_count": 1536,
    "active_exporter_count": 149,
    "active_importer_count": 148,
    "active_hs6_count": 3,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2616172607.337308,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 1680606813.5105052,
    "topFiveSharePct": 36.013319697468454,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 410362752.97462493,
      "cagr3": -8.792706956098396,
      "cagr5": 1.0318869530408392,
      "cagr10": -11.471815789975192,
      "share": 15.68561461975877,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1440810191.7941544,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.51861117364635,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -6.087502894910823,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -0.5012467193574621,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -9.280189298822417,
    "latestYoyPct": -18.71193596492618,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 6928592840.029642,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.240924416535414,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1009.6425228595691,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 2081.4945704582283,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.26704837154953753,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to China leads the reported HS4 4101 routes with $410.4M in 2024 and -8.8% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $2.6B in latest reported trade, with -6.1% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 410362752.97462493,
      "cagr3": -8.792706956098396,
      "cagr5": 1.0318869530408392,
      "cagr10": -11.471815789975192,
      "share": 15.68561461975877,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1440810191.7941544,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.51861117364635,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "AUS",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Australia",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 172917178.60444084,
      "cagr3": 7.168257860910354,
      "cagr5": 4.196215823838179,
      "cagr10": -11.42714590031777,
      "share": 6.609547784403749,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2965061338323232,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.061813778940967706,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.24008497673782023,
      "distanceKm": 8024,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 581877746.4824429,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 70.28290226774322,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 160397260.70693123,
      "cagr3": -1.390514680853372,
      "cagr5": 0.8713476863623226,
      "cagr10": -7.971388004057111,
      "share": 6.1309892266695885,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1106,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 368102043.08978754,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.42587056551406,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 123075455.57897699,
      "cagr3": 11.75928795153769,
      "cagr5": 3.3629621386039865,
      "cagr10": -2.996242882054334,
      "share": 4.704408846488187,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1298,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 166834512.4802124,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.229019553987964,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 75417957.05300677,
      "cagr3": -14.141229237333397,
      "cagr5": -6.042815068634832,
      "cagr10": -4.204788162252971,
      "share": 2.88275922014816,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 203794929.95409665,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1999,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.99321230906278,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 71489550.90340981,
      "cagr3": 6.8499312850725635,
      "cagr5": 71.51623023294371,
      "cagr10": 63.90842422960799,
      "share": 2.732600697022455,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 19629,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 73258695.91275248,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.414928340315579,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 66291520.43455149,
      "cagr3": -11.777222370213458,
      "cagr5": -6.667915058786466,
      "cagr10": -10.646970261563183,
      "share": 2.53391233623617,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11441,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 204345534.00000003,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 67.55910484711083,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 62016274.75990776,
      "cagr3": -18.9151244601938,
      "cagr5": -15.744598530191467,
      "cagr10": -17.742318022182268,
      "share": 2.3704962962297347,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13638997290262628,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.03054120138397575,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.11546142325642833,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 756364574.2736938,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1995,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 91.80074307162529,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 53095727.58751818,
      "cagr3": -1.4453767772941828,
      "cagr5": 0.9399536158044564,
      "cagr10": -4.885386432033356,
      "share": 2.029519284721738,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1366,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 87616741.69333205,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.40002040550778,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 50703511.4706788,
      "cagr3": -5.878945803121038,
      "cagr5": -1.444834961712449,
      "cagr10": -7.950221823119719,
      "share": 1.9380797478146479,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 118774832.24883978,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 57.311232934893006,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "IRL",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Ireland",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 49719423.90905443,
      "cagr3": 11.493796730167393,
      "cagr5": 13.48164709206172,
      "cagr10": -0.6838767658483014,
      "share": 1.9004642036848607,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9368,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 53251089.89036604,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.632100842598051,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 41972807.97236048,
      "cagr3": 3.19833682587527,
      "cagr5": -0.9355687243131072,
      "cagr10": -4.433674785074482,
      "share": 1.6043592786899343,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.043596585557123244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019705195414795353,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03949893585389151,
      "distanceKm": 684,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 66057047.6013573,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 36.45975789644883,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "NZL",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "New Zealand",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 36365224.69322939,
      "cagr3": -4.9149194407887675,
      "cagr5": 8.130618993643047,
      "cagr10": -1.591128228611749,
      "share": 1.3900162623536236,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2855323787795959,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.05450962016340606,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.24738913551538172,
      "distanceKm": 9361,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 58465757.70335366,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 37.80081517502775,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 34060006.91098171,
      "cagr3": -9.023678669098379,
      "cagr5": -0.3424758157602903,
      "cagr10": -11.120369551252496,
      "share": 1.3019021304426603,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8894,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 110719044.66752312,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 69.23744509062547,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 30781190.50635348,
      "cagr3": -16.123402693603595,
      "cagr5": -9.449291841559893,
      "cagr10": -4.30341253450266,
      "share": 1.1765733812832022,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 13951,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 100059764.42821005,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 69.23719470833045,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Brazil",
      "value": 29708200.13622086,
      "cagr3": 9.191080176469502,
      "cagr5": 30.4650333320605,
      "cagr10": 91.25767858911861,
      "share": 1.1355596359697886,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.28836599972525245,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.28836599972525245,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 7658,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 29708200.13622086,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 28225537.15047918,
      "cagr3": -9.376423817170965,
      "cagr5": -6.608729026182147,
      "cagr10": -11.65945835347274,
      "share": 1.0788866556938157,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 97508311.97641148,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.05319887261786,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 26313095.986749675,
      "cagr3": 7.293260335658824,
      "cagr5": 11.271129256184143,
      "cagr10": -7.939006617128119,
      "share": 1.0057859299096727,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9217,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 67052080.68845853,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 60.7572267458676,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "POL",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Poland",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 25054879.099154036,
      "cagr3": 20.15699594572993,
      "cagr5": 90.96963327970427,
      "cagr10": 74.75408392058056,
      "share": 0.95769212738048,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 7985,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25054879.099154036,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 23523159.05819704,
      "cagr3": -7.262008534662301,
      "cagr5": -5.93917821254879,
      "cagr10": -1.454604049853947,
      "share": 0.8991440011344847,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 10277,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 43830518.71967725,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2016,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 46.33155220306219,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "AUT",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Austria",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 22724179.31276445,
      "cagr3": -13.36991400163634,
      "cagr5": -8.40799152606565,
      "cagr10": -9.720162233362961,
      "share": 0.8686039770094794,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036700996253086426,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 65619854.02369547,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.36996363241116,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 22284200.153110374,
      "cagr3": -7.0655483999994555,
      "cagr5": 7.132413787317726,
      "cagr10": -5.803902837268526,
      "share": 0.8517863114464308,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9284,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 40519862.28222942,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 45.00425495551737,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 22194550.701418832,
      "cagr3": -23.537443234974265,
      "cagr5": -12.840819581462181,
      "cagr10": -13.54984655130761,
      "share": 0.8483595707397928,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "distanceKm": 1435,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 95189418.31416456,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 76.68380467651603,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 21007540.492976204,
      "cagr3": -6.680374189552996,
      "cagr5": -5.5079808598033075,
      "cagr10": -8.712915575373614,
      "share": 0.8029875564807357,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 174,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 52705280.1643798,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 60.14148785955248,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 20905627.353408564,
      "cagr3": -10.68071350059766,
      "cagr5": 17.93315562984137,
      "cagr10": -2.655638226341972,
      "share": 0.7990920512957257,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9138,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 43967176.23852536,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.45173981609849,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "POL",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Poland",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 25054879.099154036,
      "cagr3": 20.15699594572993,
      "cagr5": 90.96963327970427,
      "cagr10": 74.75408392058056,
      "share": 0.95769212738048,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 7985,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25054879.099154036,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 123075455.57897699,
      "cagr3": 11.75928795153769,
      "cagr5": 3.3629621386039865,
      "cagr10": -2.996242882054334,
      "share": 4.704408846488187,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1298,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 166834512.4802124,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.229019553987964,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "IRL",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Ireland",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 49719423.90905443,
      "cagr3": 11.493796730167393,
      "cagr5": 13.48164709206172,
      "cagr10": -0.6838767658483014,
      "share": 1.9004642036848607,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9368,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 53251089.89036604,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.632100842598051,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Brazil",
      "value": 29708200.13622086,
      "cagr3": 9.191080176469502,
      "cagr5": 30.4650333320605,
      "cagr10": 91.25767858911861,
      "share": 1.1355596359697886,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.28836599972525245,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.28836599972525245,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 7658,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 29708200.13622086,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 26313095.986749675,
      "cagr3": 7.293260335658824,
      "cagr5": 11.271129256184143,
      "cagr10": -7.939006617128119,
      "share": 1.0057859299096727,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9217,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 67052080.68845853,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 60.7572267458676,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "AUS",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Australia",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 172917178.60444084,
          "cagr3": 7.168257860910354,
          "cagr5": 4.196215823838179,
          "cagr10": -11.42714590031777,
          "share": 6.609547784403749,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.2965061338323232,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.061813778940967706,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.24008497673782023,
          "distanceKm": 8024,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 581877746.4824429,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 70.28290226774322,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 160397260.70693123,
          "cagr3": -1.390514680853372,
          "cagr5": 0.8713476863623226,
          "cagr10": -7.971388004057111,
          "share": 6.1309892266695885,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1106,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 368102043.08978754,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.42587056551406,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 123075455.57897699,
          "cagr3": 11.75928795153769,
          "cagr5": 3.3629621386039865,
          "cagr10": -2.996242882054334,
          "share": 4.704408846488187,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1298,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 166834512.4802124,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.229019553987964,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 75417957.05300677,
          "cagr3": -14.141229237333397,
          "cagr5": -6.042815068634832,
          "cagr10": -4.204788162252971,
          "share": 2.88275922014816,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 203794929.95409665,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1999,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.99321230906278,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "KOR",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
          "value": 62016274.75990776,
          "cagr3": -18.9151244601938,
          "cagr5": -15.744598530191467,
          "cagr10": -17.742318022182268,
          "share": 2.3704962962297347,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.13638997290262628,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.03054120138397575,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.11546142325642833,
          "distanceKm": 11077,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 756364574.2736938,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1995,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 91.80074307162529,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "ESP",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Spain",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 53095727.58751818,
          "cagr3": -1.4453767772941828,
          "cagr5": 0.9399536158044564,
          "cagr10": -4.885386432033356,
          "share": 2.029519284721738,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1366,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 87616741.69333205,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.40002040550778,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 50703511.4706788,
          "cagr3": -5.878945803121038,
          "cagr5": -1.444834961712449,
          "cagr10": -7.950221823119719,
          "share": 1.9380797478146479,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 118774832.24883978,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 57.311232934893006,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "CHE",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 41972807.97236048,
          "cagr3": 3.19833682587527,
          "cagr5": -0.9355687243131072,
          "cagr10": -4.433674785074482,
          "share": 1.6043592786899343,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.043596585557123244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019705195414795353,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03949893585389151,
          "distanceKm": 684,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 66057047.6013573,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 36.45975789644883,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "NZL",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "New Zealand",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 36365224.69322939,
          "cagr3": -4.9149194407887675,
          "cagr5": 8.130618993643047,
          "cagr10": -1.591128228611749,
          "share": 1.3900162623536236,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.2855323787795959,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.05450962016340606,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.24738913551538172,
          "distanceKm": 9361,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 58465757.70335366,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 37.80081517502775,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 28225537.15047918,
          "cagr3": -9.376423817170965,
          "cagr5": -6.608729026182147,
          "cagr10": -11.65945835347274,
          "share": 1.0788866556938157,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 579,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 97508311.97641148,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.05319887261786,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "AUT",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Austria",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 22724179.31276445,
          "cagr3": -13.36991400163634,
          "cagr5": -8.40799152606565,
          "cagr10": -9.720162233362961,
          "share": 0.8686039770094794,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036700996253086426,
          "distanceKm": 524,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 65619854.02369547,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 65.36996363241116,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 22194550.701418832,
          "cagr3": -23.537443234974265,
          "cagr5": -12.840819581462181,
          "cagr10": -13.54984655130761,
          "share": 0.8483595707397928,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "distanceKm": 1435,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 95189418.31416456,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 76.68380467651603,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 21007540.492976204,
          "cagr3": -6.680374189552996,
          "cagr5": -5.5079808598033075,
          "cagr10": -8.712915575373614,
          "share": 0.8029875564807357,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 174,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 52705280.1643798,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 60.14148785955248,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        }
      ],
      "count": 13,
      "value": 870113206.0846891,
      "averageCagr": -5.9634140772766004,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.06888819193736251,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.062391315221614604
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 410362752.97462493,
          "cagr3": -8.792706956098396,
          "cagr5": 1.0318869530408392,
          "cagr10": -11.471815789975192,
          "share": 15.68561461975877,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1440810191.7941544,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.51861117364635,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 71489550.90340981,
          "cagr3": 6.8499312850725635,
          "cagr5": 71.51623023294371,
          "cagr10": 63.90842422960799,
          "share": 2.732600697022455,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 19629,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 73258695.91275248,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.414928340315579,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "CAN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Canada",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 66291520.43455149,
          "cagr3": -11.777222370213458,
          "cagr5": -6.667915058786466,
          "cagr10": -10.646970261563183,
          "share": 2.53391233623617,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11441,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 204345534.00000003,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 67.55910484711083,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "IRL",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Ireland",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 49719423.90905443,
          "cagr3": 11.493796730167393,
          "cagr5": 13.48164709206172,
          "cagr10": -0.6838767658483014,
          "share": 1.9004642036848607,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 9368,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 53251089.89036604,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.632100842598051,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 34060006.91098171,
          "cagr3": -9.023678669098379,
          "cagr5": -0.3424758157602903,
          "cagr10": -11.120369551252496,
          "share": 1.3019021304426603,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8894,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 110719044.66752312,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 69.23744509062547,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 30781190.50635348,
          "cagr3": -16.123402693603595,
          "cagr5": -9.449291841559893,
          "cagr10": -4.30341253450266,
          "share": 1.1765733812832022,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 13951,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 100059764.42821005,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 69.23719470833045,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "BRA",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Brazil",
          "value": 29708200.13622086,
          "cagr3": 9.191080176469502,
          "cagr5": 30.4650333320605,
          "cagr10": 91.25767858911861,
          "share": 1.1355596359697886,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.28836599972525245,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.28836599972525245,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 7658,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 29708200.13622086,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 26313095.986749675,
          "cagr3": 7.293260335658824,
          "cagr5": 11.271129256184143,
          "cagr10": -7.939006617128119,
          "share": 1.0057859299096727,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 9217,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 67052080.68845853,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 60.7572267458676,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "POL",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Poland",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 25054879.099154036,
          "cagr3": 20.15699594572993,
          "cagr5": 90.96963327970427,
          "cagr10": 74.75408392058056,
          "share": 0.95769212738048,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 7985,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 25054879.099154036,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 23,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "ESP",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Spain",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 23523159.05819704,
          "cagr3": -7.262008534662301,
          "cagr5": -5.93917821254879,
          "cagr10": -1.454604049853947,
          "share": 0.8991440011344847,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 10277,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 43830518.71967725,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2016,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 46.33155220306219,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 22284200.153110374,
          "cagr3": -7.0655483999994555,
          "cagr5": 7.132413787317726,
          "cagr10": -5.803902837268526,
          "share": 0.8517863114464308,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878793,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 9284,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 40519862.28222942,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 45.00425495551737,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 20905627.353408564,
          "cagr3": -10.68071350059766,
          "cagr5": 17.93315562984137,
          "cagr10": -2.655638226341972,
          "share": 0.7990920512957257,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 9138,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 43967176.23852536,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.45173981609849,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        }
      ],
      "count": 12,
      "value": 810493607.4258162,
      "averageCagr": -1.3116847209312528,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.3010923436048822,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": null
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 160397260.70693123,
      "cagr3": -1.390514680853372,
      "cagr5": 0.8713476863623226,
      "cagr10": -7.971388004057111,
      "share": 6.1309892266695885,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1106,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 368102043.08978754,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.42587056551406,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "NZL",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "New Zealand",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 36365224.69322939,
      "cagr3": -4.9149194407887675,
      "cagr5": 8.130618993643047,
      "cagr10": -1.591128228611749,
      "share": 1.3900162623536236,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2855323787795959,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.05450962016340606,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.24738913551538172,
      "distanceKm": 9361,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 58465757.70335366,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 37.80081517502775,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 4101 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4101",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Hides and skins in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4101",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=4101",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4101",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}