{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:26.046Z",
  "title": "HS4 4012 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 4012 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4012/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 4012",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4012"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4012/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "4012",
  "parentHs2": "40",
  "subsectorName": "Rubber",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "4012",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 2883584129.0991135,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 2962413277.8245525,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 2757909384.222802,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 2664888794.4635353,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 2.42409672093169,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 2.870333293370275,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -0.0921832398511957,
    "historical_peak_usd": 3088083720.631269,
    "historical_peak_year": 2013,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 6.622216559930296,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -12.438336603684634,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.5162799607828856,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1411.6327069199467,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 713.605173036863,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.40906322060286343,
    "active_corridor_count": 5046,
    "active_exporter_count": 174,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 6,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2883584129.0991135,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 1111376877.005436,
    "topFiveSharePct": 16.697918997505912,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "LKA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Sri Lanka",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 173947523.19519207,
      "cagr3": 5.451937851715916,
      "cagr5": 8.302021102655853,
      "cagr10": 3.3689099375243448,
      "share": 6.032337376247683,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023635821957595955,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009767349585757576,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03697740505121212,
      "distanceKm": 14094,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 173947523.19519207,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 2.42409672093169,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.870333293370275,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -0.0921832398511957,
    "latestYoyPct": -12.438336603684634,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 3088083720.631269,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.622216559930296,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1411.6327069199467,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 713.605173036863,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.40906322060286343,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Sri Lanka to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 4012 routes with $173.9M in 2024 and +5.5% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $2.9B in latest reported trade, with +2.4% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "LKA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Sri Lanka",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 173947523.19519207,
      "cagr3": 5.451937851715916,
      "cagr5": 8.302021102655853,
      "cagr10": 3.3689099375243448,
      "share": 6.032337376247683,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023635821957595955,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009767349585757576,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03697740505121212,
      "distanceKm": 14094,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 173947523.19519207,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 91214283.83665627,
      "cagr3": 23.47938693523306,
      "cagr5": 18.521750128050684,
      "cagr10": 5.82130245330037,
      "share": 3.163226032359713,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 91214283.83665627,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 90542434.5656799,
      "cagr3": 11.96811600768337,
      "cagr5": 9.86484868057902,
      "cagr10": 8.64832442129011,
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      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 105965814.61027053,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 96647887.70153229,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 21.318201115277276,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "LKA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Sri Lanka",
      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "cagr3": -2.9443774180372806,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.016529057182674903,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.045075320199374984,
      "distanceKm": 7815,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "cagr3": -2.0521450012250586,
      "cagr5": -3.4167253831206112,
      "cagr10": 0.9383803942431879,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
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      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 66522704.67426042,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 25.898740211363013,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "cagr3": 26.51883163086548,
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      "hasFta": false,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03696974456387879,
      "distanceKm": 7658,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 48595055.63039635,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "THA",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "Thailand",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
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      "cagr5": 8.646289214036385,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
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      "importerIso3": "CHN",
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      "importerName": "China",
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      "cagr3": 4.751664913256914,
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      "distanceKm": 2887,
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      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 88145513.98808579,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "LKA",
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    },
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      "rank": 13,
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      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
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      "distanceKm": 174,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 79505332.42613916,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 61.528752835124976,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
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      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 35956034.74675659,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "LKA",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Sri Lanka",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 28925626.232490566,
      "cagr3": -0.7446696235171468,
      "cagr5": 4.527820032815533,
      "cagr10": 4.302088406792204,
      "share": 1.0031136577772566,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.016844912583424246,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868687,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.013653678115795473,
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      "distanceKm": 7630,
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      "latestBelowPeakPct": 10.517434643796772,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 27590621.233035296,
      "cagr3": 26.098660041539535,
      "cagr5": 8.565291631713713,
      "cagr10": 1.5849352152192075,
      "share": 0.9568169332952714,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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