{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Rubber (HS4 4008) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for rubber at HS4 4008, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4008",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4008/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4008/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4008/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/4008/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "4008",
    "name": "Rubber"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The rubber subsector recorded $4.6B in reported global trade in 2024, with -0.8% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 4575402691.26892,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -0.7634033513662208,
    "activeExporters": 158,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 0.003422793034024707,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.0468462159783707,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 4780188480.742925,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 749.1885370726873,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 413.35779174047656,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.36333287402682507
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 1437255805.0941265,
      "corridor_count": 2996,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 1526286081.2565598,
      "corridor_count": 3044,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 1425941938.384265,
      "corridor_count": 3061,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 1413579797.6623087,
      "corridor_count": 3170,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 1667663197.4420085,
      "corridor_count": 3511,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 1640999037.352284,
      "corridor_count": 4025,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 1621859222.0619535,
      "corridor_count": 4173,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 1717711944.9533916,
      "corridor_count": 4449,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 2032394510.4256034,
      "corridor_count": 4472,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 2517768394.1614585,
      "corridor_count": 4525,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2005,
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      "global_trade_usd": 2695820487.7015753,
      "corridor_count": 4629,
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      "year": 2006,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3059847115.648756,
      "corridor_count": 4736,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 3592395594.633533,
      "corridor_count": 4899,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2008,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3908442732.8590627,
      "corridor_count": 4951,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 3185447079.4390545,
      "corridor_count": 5046,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 3686785032.56691,
      "corridor_count": 5090,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2011,
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      "global_trade_usd": 4369266191.634023,
      "corridor_count": 5266,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 4219443448.5764318,
      "corridor_count": 5350,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 4124783009.357238,
      "corridor_count": 5505,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "global_trade_usd": 4229218937.7955456,
      "corridor_count": 5695,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3711410609.2626934,
      "corridor_count": 5652,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3717037914.626082,
      "corridor_count": 5592,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 3941753496.097479,
      "corridor_count": 5836,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 4221193005.980467,
      "corridor_count": 6029,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 4134579880.0658317,
      "corridor_count": 6068,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 4008,
      "global_trade_usd": 3832262899.8603287,
      "corridor_count": 5840,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
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    },
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      "imports_usd": 163587103.2588482,
      "trade_balance_usd": -48808048.23751992,
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      "country_name": "Belgium"
    },
    {
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      "export_partner_count": 120,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "400811",
      "product_name": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), in plates, sheets and strip of cellular rubber"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "400819",
      "product_name": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), cellular rubber, (other than in plates, sheets or strip)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "400821",
      "product_name": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), in plates, sheets and strip, of non-cellular rubber"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "400829",
      "product_name": "Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), non-cellular rubber, in forms other than plates, sheets or strip"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}