{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:23.709Z",
  "title": "HS4 3819 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 3819 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 3819",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "3819",
  "parentHs2": "38",
  "subsectorName": "Hydraulic fluids",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "3819",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 1154670337.4318259,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 1123892083.2422075,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 1015425645.7753458,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 944688897.3362474,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 7.158331420603381,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 5.01309032339905,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 3.0376959731022612,
    "historical_peak_usd": 1154670337.4318259,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 1.6426431875506742,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.12063544750112,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1237.8722263226753,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 272.2741432691804,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.47274690258665,
    "active_corridor_count": 4126,
    "active_exporter_count": 150,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 1,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1154670337.4318259,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 424026351.9214876,
    "topFiveSharePct": 15.886389239704911,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 49851575.466460586,
      "cagr3": 18.619589050589425,
      "cagr5": 16.09520441951007,
      "cagr10": 11.0279414838778,
      "share": 4.3173859975773325,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04288606249130865,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 49851575.466460586,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 7.158331420603381,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 5.01309032339905,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 3.0376959731022612,
    "latestYoyPct": 1.6426431875506742,
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1154670337.4318259,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1237.8722263226753,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 272.2741432691804,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.47274690258665,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein to Germany leads the reported HS4 3819 routes with $49.9M in 2024 and +18.6% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $1.2B in latest reported trade, with +7.2% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 49851575.466460586,
      "cagr3": 18.619589050589425,
      "cagr5": 16.09520441951007,
      "cagr10": 11.0279414838778,
      "share": 4.3173859975773325,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04288606249130865,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 49851575.466460586,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 42302940.71285594,
      "cagr3": 12.005675475360821,
      "cagr5": 6.756260858445073,
      "cagr10": -0.2506233980397399,
      "share": 3.66363795288485,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 44873705.03782966,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.728888048817227,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 31056903.712925933,
      "cagr3": 14.777298951125939,
      "cagr5": 12.013843379108046,
      "cagr10": 5.330183787282294,
      "share": 2.6896771057617643,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 31056903.712925933,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 30967602.23415619,
      "cagr3": 19.630198240435437,
      "cagr5": 10.1582628633879,
      "cagr10": 5.532610780129499,
      "share": 2.6819431685612676,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 37966759.484229386,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 18.434960858275254,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 29256402.113435335,
      "cagr3": 12.042559271504949,
      "cagr5": 9.218693076128947,
      "cagr10": 2.941049347884883,
      "share": 2.533745014919697,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 29256402.113435335,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 21037990.4139678,
      "cagr3": 3.573657885023862,
      "cagr5": 5.484773280914457,
      "cagr10": 3.4919241310769067,
      "share": 1.8219910680965186,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 40664679.424753316,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.26470855894268,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 19148700.562363822,
      "cagr3": -18.01009065697058,
      "cagr5": -2.4782139743447784,
      "cagr10": -4.326564030140245,
      "share": 1.6583694879487108,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 35903070.38887346,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 46.665562708257674,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 17476337.98565518,
      "cagr3": 13.64620183678591,
      "cagr5": 10.2008453978762,
      "cagr10": 7.135191804641572,
      "share": 1.5135348522527559,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007815936111111112,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007815936111111112,
      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 21294152.084970724,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.928932244313835,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Poland",
      "value": 15674344.161328144,
      "cagr3": 16.28517623529362,
      "cagr5": 16.184794831954253,
      "cagr10": 10.078888123014739,
      "share": 1.3574735275689536,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 15674344.161328144,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "SWE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Sweden",
      "value": 14526471.444265913,
      "cagr3": 11.587282015028277,
      "cagr5": 11.56443970177281,
      "cagr10": 6.4296272610947725,
      "share": 1.2580622341589844,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.020404016485596706,
      "distanceKm": 811,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 14526471.444265913,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 14075149.353700696,
      "cagr3": 5.398630334192855,
      "cagr5": 6.376196749403862,
      "cagr10": 7.8071214056412375,
      "share": 1.2189755722837836,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 653,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 19966526.985491633,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 29.50627135140636,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 13877802.888595777,
      "cagr3": 15.500090803063626,
      "cagr5": 11.17234266942473,
      "cagr10": 5.093748395642783,
      "share": 1.2018844200555339,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 13877802.888595777,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 11668864.854074715,
      "cagr3": 8.663237984497151,
      "cagr5": 9.584654576474438,
      "cagr10": 0.9869982188539961,
      "share": 1.0105797711949682,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 12366253.481152287,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.639449556330697,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 11390908.831159988,
      "cagr3": 40.197531619242135,
      "cagr5": 25.938494198049256,
      "cagr10": 11.066904441738767,
      "share": 0.9865074438904543,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5585,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 11390908.831159988,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 10804437.604196556,
      "cagr3": 0.06500842193490897,
      "cagr5": 7.711954435801527,
      "cagr10": 7.66878826678874,
      "share": 0.9357162173428113,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 264,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10804437.604196556,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 10719403.371463424,
      "cagr3": 8.633103690321175,
      "cagr5": 5.745000169720904,
      "cagr10": 2.392251567983772,
      "share": 0.9283518441553731,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10719403.371463424,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
      "value": 10198580.669405455,
      "cagr3": 646.3617626495487,
      "cagr5": 262.92679232249696,
      "cagr10": 42.85278165085258,
      "share": 0.8832460953391037,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 10030,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10198580.669405455,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 9896537.469414908,
      "cagr3": 10.890552138574083,
      "cagr5": 6.482997483546926,
      "cagr10": -0.057230478162317855,
      "share": 0.8570877027486835,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "distanceKm": 344,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25814797.813066248,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 61.66331597450768,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 9175530.14720878,
      "cagr3": 30.486983201973516,
      "cagr5": 16.128768616422185,
      "cagr10": 9.918423699378831,
      "share": 0.7946450038386409,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10345720.474332947,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.310863559742721,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CZE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Czechia",
      "value": 8936318.006349469,
      "cagr3": 9.782686205544122,
      "cagr5": 4.399151029251391,
      "cagr10": 2.052874521382786,
      "share": 0.7739280829041897,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0260380708015873,
      "distanceKm": 280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 9440526.065206664,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.3408894311035136,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 8753055.960783215,
      "cagr3": 25.294157287563568,
      "cagr5": -1.9313002976660498,
      "cagr10": 2.739572404045032,
      "share": 0.7580567090907897,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5877,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 9649562.42515519,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.29064370872296,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 8549725.527109055,
      "cagr3": 24.30733861019028,
      "cagr5": 13.544395543959475,
      "cagr10": 8.301532388168553,
      "share": 0.7404473164284302,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.07906258743100822,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09769338237037038,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.027041277018082305,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07065210535228808,
      "distanceKm": 1738,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8549725.527109055,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "NOR",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "Norway",
      "value": 8494137.943404064,
      "cagr3": 14.126417091988031,
      "cagr5": 8.372470589607573,
      "cagr10": 4.387474951113601,
      "share": 0.7356331645529584,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.027626026818626265,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.034872527443531316,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04009528478727273,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.005222757343741412,
      "distanceKm": 1156,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8494137.943404064,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 8214008.971443358,
      "cagr3": 20.369020541896464,
      "cagr5": 14.074613947972203,
      "cagr10": 12.769204101276,
      "share": 0.7113726494189369,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.10907427334660494,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13588353205967077,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004986698508921812,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13089683355074896,
      "distanceKm": 9743,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8214008.971443358,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "value": 7972621.515763418,
      "cagr3": 19.531339560403072,
      "cagr5": 14.475156205804085,
      "cagr10": 5.144562396934926,
      "share": 0.6904673357675248,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.012842625485358024,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.021083829923006173,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.021083829923006173,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 7972621.515763418,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
      "value": 10198580.669405455,
      "cagr3": 646.3617626495487,
      "cagr5": 262.92679232249696,
      "cagr10": 42.85278165085258,
      "share": 0.8832460953391037,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 10030,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10198580.669405455,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 11390908.831159988,
      "cagr3": 40.197531619242135,
      "cagr5": 25.938494198049256,
      "cagr10": 11.066904441738767,
      "share": 0.9865074438904543,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5585,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 11390908.831159988,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 9175530.14720878,
      "cagr3": 30.486983201973516,
      "cagr5": 16.128768616422185,
      "cagr10": 9.918423699378831,
      "share": 0.7946450038386409,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10345720.474332947,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.310863559742721,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 8753055.960783215,
      "cagr3": 25.294157287563568,
      "cagr5": -1.9313002976660498,
      "cagr10": 2.739572404045032,
      "share": 0.7580567090907897,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5877,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 9649562.42515519,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.29064370872296,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 8549725.527109055,
      "cagr3": 24.30733861019028,
      "cagr5": 13.544395543959475,
      "cagr10": 8.301532388168553,
      "share": 0.7404473164284302,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.07906258743100822,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09769338237037038,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.027041277018082305,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07065210535228808,
      "distanceKm": 1738,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8549725.527109055,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "CHE",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 49851575.466460586,
          "cagr3": 18.619589050589425,
          "cagr5": 16.09520441951007,
          "cagr10": 11.0279414838778,
          "share": 4.3173859975773325,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04288606249130865,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
          "distanceKm": 674,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 49851575.466460586,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 42302940.71285594,
          "cagr3": 12.005675475360821,
          "cagr5": 6.756260858445073,
          "cagr10": -0.2506233980397399,
          "share": 3.66363795288485,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 44873705.03782966,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.728888048817227,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 30967602.23415619,
          "cagr3": 19.630198240435437,
          "cagr5": 10.1582628633879,
          "cagr10": 5.532610780129499,
          "share": 2.6819431685612676,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 37966759.484229386,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 18.434960858275254,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 29256402.113435335,
          "cagr3": 12.042559271504949,
          "cagr5": 9.218693076128947,
          "cagr10": 2.941049347884883,
          "share": 2.533745014919697,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 29256402.113435335,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 21037990.4139678,
          "cagr3": 3.573657885023862,
          "cagr5": 5.484773280914457,
          "cagr10": 3.4919241310769067,
          "share": 1.8219910680965186,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 935,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 40664679.424753316,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.26470855894268,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 17476337.98565518,
          "cagr3": 13.64620183678591,
          "cagr5": 10.2008453978762,
          "cagr10": 7.135191804641572,
          "share": 1.5135348522527559,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007815936111111112,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007815936111111112,
          "distanceKm": 935,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 21294152.084970724,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.928932244313835,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "POL",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Poland",
          "value": 15674344.161328144,
          "cagr3": 16.28517623529362,
          "cagr5": 16.184794831954253,
          "cagr10": 10.078888123014739,
          "share": 1.3574735275689536,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08091394394890945,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09345920419547327,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.047506174607201634,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04595302958827163,
          "distanceKm": 518,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 15674344.161328144,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "SWE",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Sweden",
          "value": 14526471.444265913,
          "cagr3": 11.587282015028277,
          "cagr5": 11.56443970177281,
          "cagr10": 6.4296272610947725,
          "share": 1.2580622341589844,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.020404016485596706,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.020404016485596706,
          "distanceKm": 811,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 14526471.444265913,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "BEL",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Belgium",
          "value": 14075149.353700696,
          "cagr3": 5.398630334192855,
          "cagr5": 6.376196749403862,
          "cagr10": 7.8071214056412375,
          "share": 1.2189755722837836,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 653,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 19966526.985491633,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 29.50627135140636,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 13877802.888595777,
          "cagr3": 15.500090803063626,
          "cagr5": 11.17234266942473,
          "cagr10": 5.093748395642783,
          "share": 1.2018844200555339,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 13877802.888595777,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "BEL",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "Belgium",
          "value": 10804437.604196556,
          "cagr3": 0.06500842193490897,
          "cagr5": 7.711954435801527,
          "cagr10": 7.66878826678874,
          "share": 0.9357162173428113,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 264,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 10804437.604196556,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 10719403.371463424,
          "cagr3": 8.633103690321175,
          "cagr5": 5.745000169720904,
          "cagr10": 2.392251567983772,
          "share": 0.9283518441553731,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1872,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 10719403.371463424,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "SGP",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Singapore",
          "value": 10198580.669405455,
          "cagr3": 646.3617626495487,
          "cagr5": 262.92679232249696,
          "cagr10": 42.85278165085258,
          "share": 0.8832460953391037,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 10030,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 10198580.669405455,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 9896537.469414908,
          "cagr3": 10.890552138574083,
          "cagr5": 6.482997483546926,
          "cagr10": -0.057230478162317855,
          "share": 0.8570877027486835,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "distanceKm": 344,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 25814797.813066248,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 61.66331597450768,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 9175530.14720878,
          "cagr3": 30.486983201973516,
          "cagr5": 16.128768616422185,
          "cagr10": 9.918423699378831,
          "share": 0.7946450038386409,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 10345720.474332947,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.310863559742721,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CZE",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Czechia",
          "value": 8936318.006349469,
          "cagr3": 9.782686205544122,
          "cagr5": 4.399151029251391,
          "cagr10": 2.052874521382786,
          "share": 0.7739280829041897,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0260380708015873,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0260380708015873,
          "distanceKm": 280,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 9440526.065206664,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.3408894311035136,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 8549725.527109055,
          "cagr3": 24.30733861019028,
          "cagr5": 13.544395543959475,
          "cagr10": 8.301532388168553,
          "share": 0.7404473164284302,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.07906258743100822,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09769338237037038,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.027041277018082305,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07065210535228808,
          "distanceKm": 1738,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 8549725.527109055,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "NOR",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "Norway",
          "value": 8494137.943404064,
          "cagr3": 14.126417091988031,
          "cagr5": 8.372470589607573,
          "cagr10": 4.387474951113601,
          "share": 0.7356331645529584,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.027626026818626265,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.034872527443531316,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04009528478727273,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.005222757343741412,
          "distanceKm": 1156,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 8494137.943404064,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 8214008.971443358,
          "cagr3": 20.369020541896464,
          "cagr5": 14.074613947972203,
          "cagr10": 12.769204101276,
          "share": 0.7113726494189369,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.10907427334660494,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.13588353205967077,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004986698508921812,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13089683355074896,
          "distanceKm": 9743,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 8214008.971443358,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHE",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
          "value": 7972621.515763418,
          "cagr3": 19.531339560403072,
          "cagr5": 14.475156205804085,
          "cagr10": 5.144562396934926,
          "share": 0.6904673357675248,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.012842625485358024,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.021083829923006173,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.021083829923006173,
          "distanceKm": 674,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 7972621.515763418,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 20,
      "value": 342007918.00017995,
      "averageCagr": 45.64216366298267,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.027252027349849578,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.024776168521816487
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 31056903.712925933,
          "cagr3": 14.777298951125939,
          "cagr5": 12.013843379108046,
          "cagr10": 5.330183787282294,
          "share": 2.6896771057617643,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 31056903.712925933,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 19148700.562363822,
          "cagr3": -18.01009065697058,
          "cagr5": -2.4782139743447784,
          "cagr10": -4.326564030140245,
          "share": 1.6583694879487108,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 35903070.38887346,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 46.665562708257674,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 11668864.854074715,
          "cagr3": 8.663237984497151,
          "cagr5": 9.584654576474438,
          "cagr10": 0.9869982188539961,
          "share": 1.0105797711949682,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 12366253.481152287,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 5.639449556330697,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 11390908.831159988,
          "cagr3": 40.197531619242135,
          "cagr5": 25.938494198049256,
          "cagr10": 11.066904441738767,
          "share": 0.9865074438904543,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 5585,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 11390908.831159988,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 8753055.960783215,
          "cagr3": 25.294157287563568,
          "cagr5": -1.9313002976660498,
          "cagr10": 2.739572404045032,
          "share": 0.7580567090907897,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 5877,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 9649562.42515519,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.29064370872296,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 5,
      "value": 82018433.92130768,
      "averageCagr": 14.184427037091643,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.15071495255693002,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": null
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 30967602.23415619,
      "cagr3": 19.630198240435437,
      "cagr5": 10.1582628633879,
      "cagr10": 5.532610780129499,
      "share": 2.6819431685612676,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 37966759.484229386,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 18.434960858275254,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 29256402.113435335,
      "cagr3": 12.042559271504949,
      "cagr5": 9.218693076128947,
      "cagr10": 2.941049347884883,
      "share": 2.533745014919697,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 29256402.113435335,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 3819 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=3819",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/38"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Hydraulic fluids in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=3819",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/38",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/38",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=3819",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3819",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/38",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/38",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}