{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Refractory cements, mortars, concretes and similar compositions (HS4 3816) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for refractory cements, mortars, concretes and similar compositions at HS4 3816, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
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  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
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    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
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    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3816/index.html",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "3816",
    "name": "Refractory cements, mortars, concretes and similar compositions"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The refractory cements, mortars, concretes and similar compositions subsector recorded $2.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with -4.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2784163977.8842373,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -4.425827176243624,
    "activeExporters": 141,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 1
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 0.9953122268961723,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.860979805107755,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2913092413.5941734,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 789.0468830245275,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 274.76569628242345,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.43525165680275085
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  "annualRows": [
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      "hs4": 3816,
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      "corridor_count": 1887,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
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      "active_hs6_count": 1
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 3816,
      "global_trade_usd": 722803598.6872821,
      "corridor_count": 1955,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 3816,
      "global_trade_usd": 726072467.8181924,
      "corridor_count": 1982,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
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      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 3816,
      "global_trade_usd": 766100967.8752352,
      "corridor_count": 2203,
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    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 3816,
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    },
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      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 3816,
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      "corridor_count": 2491,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
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      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 3816,
      "global_trade_usd": 777974161.8160675,
      "corridor_count": 2623,
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      "year": 2003,
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      "year": 2004,
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      "corridor_count": 2926,
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      "year": 2007,
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      "year": 2008,
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      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 3816,
      "global_trade_usd": 1640957063.020808,
      "corridor_count": 3233,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
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      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 3816,
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      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
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      "year": 2011,
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      "year": 2012,
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      "year": 2013,
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      "year": 2014,
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      "year": 2017,
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  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "381600",
      "product_name": "Refractory cements, mortars, concretes and similar compositions: other than products of heading no. 3801"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}