{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Pickling preparations for metal surfaces (HS4 3810) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for pickling preparations for metal surfaces at HS4 3810, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3810",
  "publisher": {
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    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3810/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3810/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3810/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3810/index.ld.json",
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  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "3810",
    "name": "Pickling preparations for metal surfaces"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The pickling preparations for metal surfaces subsector recorded $2.2B in reported global trade in 2024, with +8.8% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2216039962.314508,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 8.783714713206802,
    "activeExporters": 139,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 2
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 4.353537897658533,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 5.453559020447418,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2216039962.314508,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 938.8890903960449,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 452.5523562711022,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.39559373000910164
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  "annualRows": [
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      "hs4": 3810,
      "global_trade_usd": 475354184.17053837,
      "corridor_count": 1997,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
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    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 3810,
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      "corridor_count": 1949,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 3810,
      "global_trade_usd": 621924740.0537088,
      "corridor_count": 2057,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
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      "year": 1998,
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      "global_trade_usd": 578523670.1906984,
      "corridor_count": 2069,
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    },
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      "year": 1999,
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      "global_trade_usd": 677475437.4025302,
      "corridor_count": 2220,
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    },
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      "year": 2000,
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    },
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      "year": 2001,
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    },
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      "year": 2002,
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      "corridor_count": 2824,
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    },
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      "year": 2003,
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      "corridor_count": 2813,
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    },
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      "year": 2004,
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      "year": 2007,
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      "corridor_count": 3294,
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      "year": 2008,
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    },
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      "year": 2009,
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    },
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      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 3810,
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      "corridor_count": 3501,
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      "year": 2011,
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    },
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      "year": 2012,
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      "year": 2013,
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      "year": 2014,
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      "year": 2015,
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      "year": 2017,
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      "year": 2018,
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      "year": 2019,
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      "year": 2020,
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      "country_name": "France"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 29975211.21679588,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 175199380.1099765,
      "export_partner_count": 139,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -66844447.984573744,
      "export_partner_count": 112,
      "import_partner_count": 47,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 84394529.9512593,
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      "export_partner_count": 27,
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      "country_name": "Philippines"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "THA",
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      "imports_usd": 74647845.08248095,
      "trade_balance_usd": -49099104.07959224,
      "export_partner_count": 55,
      "import_partner_count": 41,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Thailand"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "hs4": 3810,
      "exports_usd": 255051481.17664698,
      "imports_usd": 72063342.23406568,
      "trade_balance_usd": 182988138.9425813,
      "export_partner_count": 131,
      "import_partner_count": 56,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Germany"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "381010",
      "product_name": "Pickling preparations for metal surfaces: soldering, brazing or welding powders and pastes consisting of metal and other materials"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "381090",
      "product_name": "Fluxes and other auxiliary preparations: for soldering, brazing or welding, or preparations used as cores or coatings for welding electrodes or rods"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}