{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Pigments (HS4 3212) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for pigments at HS4 3212, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3212",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3212/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3212/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3212/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/3212/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "3212",
    "name": "Pigments"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The pigments subsector recorded $2.3B in reported global trade in 2024, with +6% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2277779398.8506155,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 5.956074290493218,
    "activeExporters": 152,
    "activeImporters": 197,
    "activeHs6Products": 2
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -2.686527669908001,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -0.41531831794868745,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2526009192.3326836,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 65.51724137931035,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 929.6081156653615,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 368.43291234173523,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.2798369384036147
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 775725562.3614309,
      "corridor_count": 2295,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 801177072.9759778,
      "corridor_count": 2348,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 908789431.6244272,
      "corridor_count": 2395,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1043073023.5260255,
      "corridor_count": 2404,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1316301813.4114747,
      "corridor_count": 2721,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1521465207.6803217,
      "corridor_count": 3081,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1518811641.5793228,
      "corridor_count": 3260,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1463914142.5184407,
      "corridor_count": 3337,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1469939669.1796393,
      "corridor_count": 3352,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1705390849.461257,
      "corridor_count": 3520,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1759356112.5447564,
      "corridor_count": 3585,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 1998247613.790398,
      "corridor_count": 3733,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2321042694.181975,
      "corridor_count": 3689,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2427029780.385689,
      "corridor_count": 3798,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2012100967.8672132,
      "corridor_count": 3878,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2372673564.737792,
      "corridor_count": 3822,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2526009192.3326836,
      "corridor_count": 3921,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2398942866.1948833,
      "corridor_count": 4013,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2479840133.6857395,
      "corridor_count": 4090,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2397521610.6351547,
      "corridor_count": 4159,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2152725355.2600565,
      "corridor_count": 4336,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 3212,
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      "corridor_count": 4250,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2327488752.7577024,
      "corridor_count": 4379,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2432490336.588957,
      "corridor_count": 4510,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 3212,
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      "corridor_count": 4493,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 3212,
      "global_trade_usd": 2047049994.367002,
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      "active_hs6_count": 2
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2022,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
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  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "321210",
      "product_name": "Pigments: of a kind used in the manufacture of paints, stamping foils"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321290",
      "product_name": "Pigments: of a kind used in the manufacture of paints, other than stamping foils"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}