{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Acids (HS4 2918) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for acids at HS4 2918, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2918",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2918/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2918/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2918/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2918/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "2918",
    "name": "Acids"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The acids subsector recorded $9.6B in reported global trade in 2024, with +0.2% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 9637146172.32275,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 0.23958607386987346,
    "activeExporters": 158,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 16
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.48222172433540766,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.162715785979709,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 13214138228.834991,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2520.0911222301474,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1032.9473689468787,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.33826974755354916
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 3482356749.0421953,
      "corridor_count": 2669,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 3539546158.7332554,
      "corridor_count": 2700,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 3580045905.570661,
      "corridor_count": 2720,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 3659240798.6806707,
      "corridor_count": 2672,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 4090050626.654628,
      "corridor_count": 2920,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 4964553720.581332,
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    },
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      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 4798691179.585583,
      "corridor_count": 3251,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 4597837424.678378,
      "corridor_count": 3379,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 4820695390.29543,
      "corridor_count": 3468,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 2918,
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      "corridor_count": 3496,
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    },
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      "year": 2005,
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      "corridor_count": 3510,
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      "year": 2006,
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      "corridor_count": 3644,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 2007,
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      "global_trade_usd": 5730178557.017244,
      "corridor_count": 3688,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 2008,
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      "corridor_count": 3782,
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    },
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      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 5973522271.229607,
      "corridor_count": 3922,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 6866408877.444722,
      "corridor_count": 3943,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 2918,
      "global_trade_usd": 7448330702.094481,
      "corridor_count": 4079,
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    },
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      "year": 2012,
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      "corridor_count": 4156,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
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      "year": 2013,
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      "corridor_count": 4164,
      "active_hs6_count": 16
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "global_trade_usd": 7581787639.201692,
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    },
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      "year": 2015,
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      "year": 2016,
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      "year": 2017,
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    },
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      "year": 2018,
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      "year": 2019,
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    },
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      "year": 2020,
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      "year": 2021,
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    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), other than lactic, tartaric, citric, and gluconic acids and their salts and esters"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), salicylic acid and its salts"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), o-acetylsalicylic acid, its salts and esters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "291823",
      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), other esters of salicylic acid and its salts n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "291829",
      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives, n.e.s. in item no. 2918.2"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: carboxylic acids, (with aldehyde or ketone function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives"
    },
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    },
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    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}